【摘要】：[目的]本文旨在明確稻麥兩熟系統(tǒng)秸稈還田對(duì)作物產(chǎn)量的影響。[方法]以稻麥兩熟系統(tǒng)為研究對(duì)象,通過搜集、整理近20年的文獻(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù),使用Meta分析方法,定量研究了長(zhǎng)江流域稻麥產(chǎn)量對(duì)秸稈還田的響應(yīng)變異及其影響因素。[結(jié)果]秸稈還田能夠顯著增加稻麥產(chǎn)量,但是,水稻產(chǎn)量的響應(yīng)程度要顯著強(qiáng)于小麥。秸稈不同還田量對(duì)小麥產(chǎn)量的影響不明顯,但小麥秸稈還田量大于3 750 kg·hm~(-2)時(shí)顯著增加水稻產(chǎn)量。在長(zhǎng)江下游地區(qū),水稻秸稈還田顯著降低小麥產(chǎn)量,而在長(zhǎng)江中、上游地區(qū),水稻秸稈還田顯著增加小麥產(chǎn)量。在長(zhǎng)江流域,小麥秸稈還田均顯著增加水稻產(chǎn)量�；蔔肥以尿素形態(tài)施用下水稻秸稈還田可以增加小麥產(chǎn)量,但以復(fù)合肥形態(tài)施用下小麥產(chǎn)量對(duì)水稻秸稈還田的響應(yīng)不顯著。在稻秸還田條件下,全生育期N肥用量大于200 kg·hm~(-2)時(shí),小麥產(chǎn)量顯著降低;N肥用量不超過200 kg·hm~(-2)時(shí),小麥產(chǎn)量顯著增加。全生育期P肥最適用量為40~60 kg·hm~(-2),在此條件下,秸稈還田均能顯著增加稻麥產(chǎn)量。土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量為20~30 g·kg~(-1)時(shí),秸稈還田能夠顯著提高稻麥產(chǎn)量;但是土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量過高(如大于30 g·kg~(-1))時(shí),水稻秸稈還田卻降低了小麥產(chǎn)量。旋耕顯著降低了稻秸還田下小麥產(chǎn)量,但其他耕作方式卻能夠顯著增加秸稈還田對(duì)稻麥產(chǎn)量的正效應(yīng)。此外,麥秸還田下,水稻產(chǎn)量在不同栽培方式間也存在差異。[結(jié)論]秸稈還田能夠增加稻麥產(chǎn)量,但還田效益需要綜合考慮區(qū)域資源特點(diǎn)、土壤本底條件、耕作栽培及水肥管理等因素。
[Abstract]:[objective] the purpose of this paper is to clarify the effect of straw returning to field on crop yield in rice and wheat double cropping system. [methods] based on the double cropping system of rice and wheat, the variation of rice and wheat yield response to straw returning to the field and its influencing factors in the Yangtze River Basin were quantitatively studied by collecting and sorting out the literature data of the past 20 years and using the Meta analysis method. [results] returning straw to the field could significantly increase the yield of rice and wheat, but the response of rice yield was significantly stronger than that of wheat. The effect of straw returning amount on wheat yield was not obvious, but the yield of rice was significantly increased when wheat straw returning amount was more than 3 750 kg hm ~ (-2). In the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the return of rice straw to the field significantly reduced the wheat yield, while in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the return of rice straw to the field significantly increased the wheat yield. In the Yangtze River valley, the return of wheat straw to the field significantly increased rice yield. The yield of wheat could be increased by the application of rice straw in urea form, but the response of wheat yield to the return of rice straw was not significant under the application of compound fertilizer. Under the condition of returning rice straw to the field, the wheat yield increased significantly when N fertilizer was more than 200 kg hm ~ (-2) during the whole growth period, and the yield of wheat decreased significantly when the application of N fertilizer was not more than 200 kg hm ~ (-2). The optimum application rate of P fertilizer in the whole growth period was 40 ~ 60 kg hm ~ (-2). Under these conditions, straw returning to the field could significantly increase the yield of rice and wheat. When the content of soil organic matter was 20 ~ 30 g kg ~ (-1), straw returning to the field could significantly increase the yield of rice and wheat, but when the content of soil organic matter was too high, such as > 30 g ~ (-1), the return of rice straw to the field decreased the yield of wheat. Rotation tillage significantly reduced wheat yield under rice straw return, but other tillage methods could significantly increase the positive effect of straw returning to rice and wheat yield. In addition, there were differences in rice yield between different cultivation methods under wheat straw returning to the field. [conclusion] returning straw to the field can increase the yield of rice and wheat, but the benefit of returning to the field should take into account the characteristics of regional resources, soil background conditions, tillage and cultivation, water and fertilizer management and so on.
【作者單位】： 南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)人文與社會(huì)發(fā)展學(xué)院;
【基金】：江蘇省高校哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)一般項(xiàng)目(2015SJD099) 中央高校基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)資金(SKZK2015008)
【分類號(hào)】：S141.4
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本文編號(hào)：2175608