【摘要】：光是影響植物生長最關(guān)鍵的環(huán)境因素之一,溫室大棚已完全使用人工光源進行生產(chǎn)活動。本文針對小功率LED的光照特性以及LED植物補光光源的結(jié)構(gòu)特點,建立了紅藍光組合LED陣列的光照度分布模型,通過MATLAB仿真研究了LED組合光源光照度分布特性與變化規(guī)律。在此基礎(chǔ)上研發(fā)了基于單片機控制的LED組合光源,克服了傳統(tǒng)溫室人工光源的不足,主要研究結(jié)果如下:1、測量了單顆紅光、藍光和遠紅光LED的光電參數(shù),包括光譜分布特性、伏安特性、空間光強分布特性等,為后續(xù)的模擬仿真做好了準備。2、建立了單顆LED的光學模型,根據(jù)疊加原理推導出了兩顆LED光源光照度合成公式并根據(jù)相同原理進一步推導出了單色光LED方陣和紅藍光LED組合陣列的光照度合成公式。根據(jù)斯派羅法則確定了LED間的最優(yōu)化距離。3、采用兩種不同形式的排列,方案一為紅藍光LED均勻間隔整行排列,方案二為每行每列中紅、藍光LED交錯均勻排列,其中LED的間距可調(diào)。根據(jù)照度公式并基于MATLAB的數(shù)值計算表明:方案二優(yōu)于方案一,其照明區(qū)域內(nèi)的紅、藍光光通量比除邊緣外基本均勻一致;對方案二LED陣列進行了詳細仿真和分析,得到了光照度分布特性及變化規(guī)律,為LED組合光源設(shè)計提供了精確的參考依據(jù)。4、采用模塊化設(shè)計理念,研制了基于單片機控制的LED組合光源。該光源采用STC12C5A60S2單片機實時監(jiān)測LED基板溫度和光強,并通過脈寬調(diào)制信號控制紅、藍光LED,對光質(zhì)、光強、光周期和工作方式進行動態(tài)調(diào)節(jié),以滿足溫室植物在不同階段對補光量的需求。5、研究了紅光、藍光和遠紅光LED不同光質(zhì)比例補光對綠蘿扦插苗和石竹苗生長的影響,取得了良好的培養(yǎng)效果。結(jié)果表明,紅光與遠紅光光通量之比(R/FR)與綠蘿節(jié)總長、節(jié)間數(shù)、節(jié)長、葉片數(shù)和葉面積呈負相關(guān),與綠蘿葉綠素相對含量呈正相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:Light is one of the most important environmental factors affecting plant growth. Aiming at the illumination characteristics of low power LED and the structural characteristics of LED plant complementary light source, the illumination distribution model of red and blue light combination LED array is established, and the light intensity distribution characteristics and variation law of LED combined light source are studied by MATLAB simulation. On this basis, the LED combination light source controlled by single chip computer is developed, which overcomes the shortcoming of traditional artificial light source in greenhouse. The main research results are as follows: 1. The photoelectric parameters of single red light, blue light and far red light LED, including spectral distribution characteristics, are measured. The characteristics of volt-ampere, spatial intensity distribution, etc., are prepared for the subsequent simulation, and the optical model of a single LED is established. Based on the superposition principle, the light intensity synthesis formula of two LED light sources is derived, and the illumination synthesis formula of monochromatic LED square array and red and blue LED combination array is further deduced according to the same principle. According to the Sparrow rule, the optimal distance between LED. 3 is determined. Two different types of arrangement are adopted. The first scheme is the uniform interval between red and blue LED, and the second is red in each row, and the blue light LED is staggered and evenly arranged. The spacing of LED is adjustable. According to illuminance formula and numerical calculation based on MATLAB, it is shown that scheme two is superior to scheme one, and the ratio of red and blue luminous fluxes in the illumination region is basically uniform except for the edge. The simulation and analysis of scheme 2 LED array are carried out in detail. The light intensity distribution characteristics and variation law are obtained, which provides an accurate reference basis for the design of LED composite light source. The modular design concept is adopted to develop the LED combined light source based on single-chip microcomputer control. The STC12C5A60S2 single chip microcomputer is used to monitor the temperature and intensity of the LED substrate in real time, and the red and blue LEDs are controlled by pulse width modulation signal. The light quality, intensity, photoperiod and working mode are dynamically adjusted. In order to meet the needs of greenhouse plants in different stages of light supplementation, the effects of red light, blue light and far red LED on the growth of green apple cuttings and carnation seedlings were studied, and the results showed that the effects of different ratios of light and quality on the growth of green apple cuttings and carnation seedlings were better than those of red light, blue light and far red light. The results showed that the ratio of red light to far red light flux (R/FR) was negatively correlated with total node length, internode number, node length, leaf number and leaf area, and positively correlated with chlorophyll relative content.
【學位授予單位】：浙江農(nóng)林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S123;S625

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