黑土長期定位試驗原狀土搬遷對土壤微生物的影響
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-07 15:01
【摘要】：東北黑土土質肥沃、質地疏松、有機質豐富,但近年來肥力呈下降趨勢。長期定位試驗在研究土壤肥力、環(huán)境演變和作物產量等方面具有重要意義,深受國內外重視。我國從80年代初開始建立土壤肥料長期定位試驗,但是由于城市化進程加快,使一些長期定位試驗面臨被毀或搬遷的局面。土壤微生物對其生存的微環(huán)境十分敏感,可受到耕作方式、植被類型和土壤肥力等多方面因素的影響。本研究通過測定黑土長期定位試驗原狀土整體搬遷前后四種處理(CK、NPK、M、MNPK)兩個土層(0~20 cm、20~40 cm)中土壤微生物量含量、土壤酶活性以及土壤微生物群落結構的變化,探討搬遷的特定條件對土壤微生物性質的影響。主要研究結果如下:(1)比較搬遷前后5年間三大類微生物數(shù)量、微生物量碳、氮含量和4種土壤酶活性的變化發(fā)現(xiàn),各項生物指標年際間雖存在變化但變化程度并不大,其中搬遷后2011年和2012年相對較高,同為小麥茬的搬遷前2010年和搬遷后2013年各項生物指標均較為接近;(2)細菌DGGE圖譜中搬遷前后兩個土層不同處理所有樣品之間具有相似性,而真菌DGGE條帶的數(shù)量和亮度在搬遷前后兩個土層不同處理樣品之間存在部分變化;(3)對DGGE圖譜進行聚類分析可知,細菌群落結構在兩個土層各處理中搬遷前后變化不大,而真菌有部分變化,其中真菌搬遷前后MNPK處理的變化較為顯著;(4)對DGGE圖譜進行主成分分析可知,在0~20 cm土層細菌和真菌各處理雖然搬遷前和搬遷后產生分異,但在2年中處理間的分布規(guī)律相一致,在20~40 cm土層中搬遷前和搬遷后細菌的MNPK和NPK處理分布規(guī)律發(fā)生了變化,真菌MNPK和CK處理發(fā)生了變化。(5)DGGE條帶測序結果顯示,變形桿菌門(Proteobacteria(δ-andγ-))和放線菌門(Actinobacteria)是農田黑土中細菌的優(yōu)勢類群,并且穩(wěn)定的存在于農田黑土中;擔子菌門(Ascomycota)和子囊菌門(Basidiomycota)是農田黑土中真菌優(yōu)勢類群,也穩(wěn)定的存在于農田黑土中。綜合以上結果表明,搬遷對土壤微生物的擾動影響遠小于耕作方式、植被類型、土壤肥力等的影響。
[Abstract]:The northeastern black soil is fertile, loose and rich in organic matter, but the fertility is declining in recent years. The long-term location test is of great importance to the study of soil fertility, environmental evolution and crop yield. The soil microorganism is sensitive to the microenvironment of its survival, and can be affected by many factors such as farming methods, vegetation types and soil fertility. Four treatments (CK, NPK, M, MNPK) before and after the long term localization test of black soil are measured. The soil microbial biomass content, soil enzyme activity and soil microbial community structure in 0~20 cm (20~40 cm) were studied. The main research results were as follows: (1) compare the number of three kinds of microbes, microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen content and 4 kinds of soil enzyme activity before and after the relocation. It was found that every biological index changed but changed little in year, which was relatively high in 2011 and 2012 after the relocation, and the biological indexes were close to 2010 before and after the relocation of the wheat stubble. (2) the two soil layers in the DGGE map were similar to all the samples before and after the removal of the bacteria. The number and brightness of the DGGE band of fungi had some changes between the two soil layers before and after the relocation. (3) the cluster analysis of the DGGE map showed that the bacterial community structure had little change before and after the removal of the two soil layers, and some of the fungi changed, and the changes of MNPK treatment before and after the removal of fungi were more obvious. (4) (4) the principal component analysis of the DGGE map shows that in the 0~20 cm soil layer, the bacterial and fungal treatments are different before and after the relocation, but the distribution rules of the treatment are consistent in 2 years. The distribution rules of MNPK and NPK treatment of bacteria before and after the relocation of the 20~40 cm soil layer have changed, and the fungal MNPK and CK treatment occurred. (5) the DGGE strip sequencing results showed that the Bacillus proteus (Proteobacteria (delta -and gamma)) and actinomycetes (Actinobacteria) were the dominant groups of bacteria in the black soil of farmland, and were stable in the black soil of the farmland. The basidiomycetes (Ascomycota) and the actinomycetes (Basidiomycota) were the dominant groups of fungi in the black soil of the farmland. The above results show that the disturbance of soil microorganisms by relocation is much less than that by tillage, vegetation type and soil fertility.
【學位授予單位】：東北農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S154.3
本文編號：2170402
[Abstract]:The northeastern black soil is fertile, loose and rich in organic matter, but the fertility is declining in recent years. The long-term location test is of great importance to the study of soil fertility, environmental evolution and crop yield. The soil microorganism is sensitive to the microenvironment of its survival, and can be affected by many factors such as farming methods, vegetation types and soil fertility. Four treatments (CK, NPK, M, MNPK) before and after the long term localization test of black soil are measured. The soil microbial biomass content, soil enzyme activity and soil microbial community structure in 0~20 cm (20~40 cm) were studied. The main research results were as follows: (1) compare the number of three kinds of microbes, microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen content and 4 kinds of soil enzyme activity before and after the relocation. It was found that every biological index changed but changed little in year, which was relatively high in 2011 and 2012 after the relocation, and the biological indexes were close to 2010 before and after the relocation of the wheat stubble. (2) the two soil layers in the DGGE map were similar to all the samples before and after the removal of the bacteria. The number and brightness of the DGGE band of fungi had some changes between the two soil layers before and after the relocation. (3) the cluster analysis of the DGGE map showed that the bacterial community structure had little change before and after the removal of the two soil layers, and some of the fungi changed, and the changes of MNPK treatment before and after the removal of fungi were more obvious. (4) (4) the principal component analysis of the DGGE map shows that in the 0~20 cm soil layer, the bacterial and fungal treatments are different before and after the relocation, but the distribution rules of the treatment are consistent in 2 years. The distribution rules of MNPK and NPK treatment of bacteria before and after the relocation of the 20~40 cm soil layer have changed, and the fungal MNPK and CK treatment occurred. (5) the DGGE strip sequencing results showed that the Bacillus proteus (Proteobacteria (delta -and gamma)) and actinomycetes (Actinobacteria) were the dominant groups of bacteria in the black soil of farmland, and were stable in the black soil of the farmland. The basidiomycetes (Ascomycota) and the actinomycetes (Basidiomycota) were the dominant groups of fungi in the black soil of the farmland. The above results show that the disturbance of soil microorganisms by relocation is much less than that by tillage, vegetation type and soil fertility.
【學位授予單位】：東北農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S154.3
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