蜀南竹海核心景區(qū)毛竹林土壤肥力質(zhì)量指標與評價
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-03 19:46
【摘要】：土壤肥力是土壤化學、物理和生物特征的綜合表現(xiàn)。從本質(zhì)上說,真正代表土壤質(zhì)量,表示其對植物生長有直接關(guān)系的是土壤肥力。毛竹作為國內(nèi)種植面積最大,分布最廣的重要經(jīng)濟竹種,在生態(tài)建設(shè)和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中占有重要地位。但由于人為和自然等原因,毛竹林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)并未達到理想的生長和生產(chǎn)力狀態(tài),尤其是土壤肥力質(zhì)量不斷退化,對毛竹的正常生長造成了影響。在眾多土壤肥力質(zhì)量研究中,專門針對毛竹林土壤肥力質(zhì)量的研究較少。因此,對毛竹林土壤肥力質(zhì)量進行全面的分析研究,為毛竹林的可持續(xù)經(jīng)營,增強生態(tài)服務功能提供理論依據(jù)和方法支撐,具有十分重要的意義。以四川省宜賓市蜀南竹海核心景區(qū)毛竹林土壤為研究對象,以1：10000地形圖為工作底圖,按照公里網(wǎng)格布點,采用等距離規(guī)則抽樣。選擇容重、有機質(zhì)、酸性磷酸酶等21個指標作為土壤肥力質(zhì)量評價指標,運用主成分分析法,篩選土壤肥力質(zhì)量指標,構(gòu)建土壤肥力質(zhì)量評價指標體系。采用經(jīng)典統(tǒng)計法和地統(tǒng)計法對土壤肥力質(zhì)量指標進行了分析。運用Krigiging插值法繪制土壤肥力質(zhì)量評價指標空間分布圖。繪制了土壤肥力質(zhì)量空間分布格局圖。將毛竹長勢與土壤肥力質(zhì)量等級進行吻合度分析,分析毛竹林C、N、P養(yǎng)分元素生態(tài)化學計量特征,提出相應的營林措施與對策。取得以下主要研究結(jié)果。(1)主成分分析表明,0-20cm和20-40cm土層的前6個主成分的累計貢獻率各是81.986%和81.429%,有機質(zhì)、速效鉀、有效磷、容重、最大持水量、最小持水量、總孔隙度、酸性磷酸酶等8個評價指標對土壤肥力質(zhì)量的貢獻率最大,為影響土壤肥力質(zhì)量的相對獨立的關(guān)鍵因素,可作為研究區(qū)土壤肥力質(zhì)量評價指標體系。(2)統(tǒng)計分析表明,有機質(zhì)含量隨著土層深度增加而降低；20-40cm土層速效鉀含量略高于0-20cm土層,不夠穩(wěn)定；有效磷的含量在兩層平均值不超過2.3mg/kg,整個研究區(qū)土壤中有效磷十分缺乏;容重隨土層深度的增加而增大；土壤總孔隙度在不同土層分別為59.30%和57.13%,土壤通水透氣性能較好,有利于毛竹等植物的生長,但隨土層深度增加,通透性略微降低；最大持水量為66.89%和60.1%,最小持水量變化范圍為48.64%和44.73%；酸性磷酸酶0-20cm和20-40cm土層均值都為0.17mg*g-1*h-1,且變化范圍不大,土壤酶活性較為穩(wěn)定。(3)經(jīng)正態(tài)分布檢驗,各指標基本呈正態(tài)分布。在不同土層,評價指標的偏態(tài)檢驗正負均有；20-40cm土層酸性磷酸酶不滿足地統(tǒng)計學分析的假設(shè)條件,其余指標經(jīng)檢驗或轉(zhuǎn)化后Pw值均大于0.05,基本符合正態(tài)分布。(4)半方差和空間變異性分析表明,同一評價指標在不同土層的理論半方差函數(shù)模型基本一致,速效鉀用指數(shù)模型擬合最佳,容重、最小持水量、有機質(zhì)、有效磷采用高斯模型擬合最佳,最大持水量在0-20cm為球狀模型擬合,在20-40cm采用高斯模型擬合,總孔隙度在0-20cm土層為高斯模型擬合,在20-40cm土層指數(shù)模型擬合,酸性磷酸酶在0-20cm土層為高斯模型擬合；容重、有機質(zhì)擬合程度較好,酸性磷酸酶在0-20cm土層模型擬合度較好；最大持水量、最小持水量等指標隨機變異性較大,有機質(zhì)、速效鉀、總孔隙度等指標在不同土層存在較大的結(jié)構(gòu)性空間變異；最大持水量、最小持水量、總孔隙度具有較弱的空間自相關(guān)性,有機質(zhì)、有效磷在不同土層以及酸性磷酸酶在0-20cm土層中有強烈的空間自相關(guān)性,容重在兩個土層表現(xiàn)為中等變異,速效鉀在0-20cm土層為表現(xiàn)為中等空間自相關(guān)性,而在20-40cm土層表現(xiàn)為較強空間自相關(guān)性；變程在1042-1687m之間,均大于1000m的網(wǎng)格間距。滿足Kriging插值要求。(5)不同土層各評價指標的空間分布呈斑塊狀分布,表現(xiàn)出西低東高,中心或北部各肥力因子的含量高于周邊地帶,中部到東部整體較高的趨勢。(6)研究區(qū)土壤肥力質(zhì)量劃分為五個等級�？傮w上,二級地面積最大,一級地其次,再次是三、四、五級地。0-20cm土層中,一級地、二級地肥力較高區(qū)域均分布在中部和北部地區(qū),三級地及三級地以下的區(qū)域從中部向東部和西部分布；20-40cm土層中,一級地、二級地肥力較高區(qū)域均分布在中部和東北部地區(qū),三級地及三級地以下的區(qū)域主要分布于西部和東南部。(7)土壤肥力質(zhì)量高,毛竹胸徑較粗,竹齡結(jié)構(gòu)中I度竹和II度竹所占比例較大,III度竹占比較小,出筍量大,立竹數(shù)量多；土壤肥力質(zhì)量較低,毛竹胸徑減小,竹齡結(jié)構(gòu)中I度竹和Ⅱ度竹所占比例較小,而III度竹占比較多,出筍量小,新生竹少,立竹數(shù)量少。(8)研究區(qū)土壤生態(tài)化學計量特征與土壤肥力等級密切相關(guān),0-20cm和20-40cm土層的出壤生態(tài)化學計量比總體上隨土壤肥力質(zhì)量等級的降低而降低,在個別肥力質(zhì)量等級中,比值有所變化；區(qū)域內(nèi)C、N含量相對較高,P元素含量普遍不高,C、N、P元素含量變化規(guī)律相對穩(wěn)定,具有內(nèi)在的穩(wěn)定性。(9)地理條件、氣候特征、土壤母質(zhì)等自然因素以及人為活動干擾是造成研究區(qū)土壤肥力質(zhì)量等級空間變異的主要原因。注意合理施肥,注重補充磷肥；調(diào)整林分結(jié)構(gòu)；控制游客人數(shù)、規(guī)劃旅游線路和區(qū)域景點。
[Abstract]:Soil fertility is the comprehensive performance of soil chemical, physical and biological characteristics. In essence, it really represents soil quality, indicating that the soil fertility is directly related to the growth of plants. Bamboo is the largest and most widely distributed important economic bamboo species in the country, which plays an important role in ecological construction and economic development. For reasons such as natural and natural, the ecological system of bamboo forest did not reach the ideal growth and productivity state, especially the quality of soil fertility deteriorated, which had an impact on the normal growth of bamboo. In the study of many soil fertility quality, there were few studies on the soil fertility quality of Mao Zhulin. Therefore, the soil fertility quality of the bamboo forest was studied. It is of great significance for Mao Zhulin to carry out a comprehensive analysis and study to provide theoretical basis and method support for the sustainable management of Mao Zhulin and to enhance the function of ecological service. Taking the soil of Mao bamboo forest in the Bamboo Sea core scenic area of Yibin city of Sichuan Province as the research object, taking the map as the base map, according to the point of the kilometer grid, the equal distance is adopted. 21 indexes such as bulk density, organic matter and acid phosphatase were selected as evaluation indexes of soil fertility quality, and soil fertility quality indexes were screened by principal component analysis, and the index system of soil fertility quality evaluation was constructed by principal component analysis. The soil fertility quality indexes were analyzed by classical statistical method and ground statistics method. Krigiging insert was used in the analysis of soil fertility quality index. The spatial distribution map of soil fertility quality evaluation index was plotted. The spatial distribution pattern of soil fertility quality was plotted. The anastomosis of bamboo growth and soil fertility quality grade was analyzed, and the ecological measurement characteristics of C, N and P nutrient elements in bamboo forest were analyzed. The corresponding measures and countermeasures were put forward. The following main research results were obtained. (1) The principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first 6 principal components in the 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layers was 81.986% and 81.429%, and organic matter, available potassium, effective phosphorus, bulk density, the maximum water capacity, the minimum water holding capacity, the total porosity, acid phosphatase, and other 8 evaluation indexes had the greatest contribution to the soil fertility quality, which was relative to the relative soil fertility quality. The key factor of independence can be used as the evaluation index system of soil fertility quality in the study area. (2) statistical analysis shows that the content of organic matter decreases with the increase of soil depth, and the content of available potassium in 20-40cm soil layer is slightly higher than that of 0-20cm soil layer, and the content of effective phosphorus is not more than 2.3mg/kg in the average average of the two layer, and it is effective in the soil of the whole study area. The bulk density increases with the increase of soil depth, and the total porosity of soil is 59.30% and 57.13% in different soil layers, and the permeability of soil is better, it is beneficial to the growth of Phyllostachys pubescens, but the permeability decreases slightly with the increase of soil depth, the maximum water holding capacity is 66.89% and 60.1%, and the minimum water holding range is 48.64%. And 44.73%, the average value of acid phosphatase 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layer is 0.17mg*g-1*h-1, and the change range is small, the soil enzyme activity is more stable. (3) through normal distribution test, the indexes are basically normal distribution. In different soil layers, the evaluation indexes are positive and negative, and the acid phosphatase in the 20-40cm soil layer is not satisfied with the statistical analysis Assuming conditions, the Pw values of the other indexes are more than 0.05 after inspection or transformation. (4) the analysis of semi variance and spatial variability shows that the same evaluation index is basically consistent with the theoretical semi variance function model in different soil layers, and the best fitting of the exponential model for quick acting potassium, the bulk density, the minimum water holding capacity, the organic matter and the effective phosphorus are high. The best fit is to fit the maximum water holding capacity in 0-20cm. The Gauss model is fitted in the 20-40cm model, the total porosity is fitted to the Gauss model in 0-20cm soil layer, and the acid phosphatase is fitted with the Gauss model in the 20-40cm soil layer index model; the weight, the organic matter fit well, and the acid phosphatase is 0-20c The m soil layer model has better fitting degree, the maximum water holding capacity, the minimum water holding capacity and other indexes have large random variability. The organic matter, the available potassium and the total porosity have large structural spatial variation in different soil layers, the maximum water holding capacity, the minimum water holding capacity, the total porosity have weak spatial autocorrelation, the organic matter and the effective phosphorus are in different soil. The layer and acid phosphatase have strong spatial autocorrelation in the 0-20cm soil layer, the bulk density is medium variation in the two soil layers, the available potassium in the 0-20cm soil layer is the medium spatial autocorrelation, while the 20-40cm layer is strong spatial autocorrelation in the soil layer, and the change range is larger than the 1000m space between the 1042-1687m, and satisfies the Krigi. Ng interpolation requirements. (5) the spatial distribution of each evaluation index in different soil layers is distributed in a plaque like distribution, showing a low East high, the content of the fertility factors in the center or the north is higher than the surrounding area, and the central to the East is higher. (6) the soil fertility quality of the study area is divided into five grades. In general, the largest area of the two grade is the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second In the three, four, and five level.0-20cm soil layers, the first and two higher fertility regions are distributed in the middle and northern regions, and the three and three level areas are distributed from the middle to the East and the West; in the 20-40cm soil layer, the first grade, and the higher fertility regions of the two grade are distributed in the middle and northeast regions, and three and three. The area below is mainly distributed in the western and southeastern parts. (7) the soil fertility quality is high, the bamboo diameter of bamboo is thicker, the proportion of I degree bamboo and II degree bamboo in the bamboo age structure is larger, the III degree bamboo occupies relatively small, the quantity of bamboo shoots is large, the number of standing bamboo is large, the soil fertility quality is low, the diameter of bamboo's chest is reduced, the proportion of I degree bamboo and the second degree bamboo in the bamboo age structure is small, and III The amount of bamboo shoots is small, the amount of bamboo shoots is small, the new bamboo is less and the number of standing bamboo is few. (8) the Soil Eco chemical measurement characteristics of the study area are closely related to the soil fertility grade. The ratio of the eco stoichiometry of 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layer decreases with the decrease of the soil fertility quality grade in general, and the ratio changes in the individual fertility quality grade; C, N content is relatively high, P element content is generally not high, C, N, P element content change regularity is relatively stable and has internal stability. (9) geographical conditions, climatic characteristics, soil parent material and other natural factors as well as human activities interference are the main reasons for the spatial variation of soil fertility quality grade in the study area. Fill the phosphate fertilizer, adjust the stand structure, control the number of tourists, plan tourist routes and regional attractions.
【學位授予單位】：四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S795;S714
本文編號：2162818
[Abstract]:Soil fertility is the comprehensive performance of soil chemical, physical and biological characteristics. In essence, it really represents soil quality, indicating that the soil fertility is directly related to the growth of plants. Bamboo is the largest and most widely distributed important economic bamboo species in the country, which plays an important role in ecological construction and economic development. For reasons such as natural and natural, the ecological system of bamboo forest did not reach the ideal growth and productivity state, especially the quality of soil fertility deteriorated, which had an impact on the normal growth of bamboo. In the study of many soil fertility quality, there were few studies on the soil fertility quality of Mao Zhulin. Therefore, the soil fertility quality of the bamboo forest was studied. It is of great significance for Mao Zhulin to carry out a comprehensive analysis and study to provide theoretical basis and method support for the sustainable management of Mao Zhulin and to enhance the function of ecological service. Taking the soil of Mao bamboo forest in the Bamboo Sea core scenic area of Yibin city of Sichuan Province as the research object, taking the map as the base map, according to the point of the kilometer grid, the equal distance is adopted. 21 indexes such as bulk density, organic matter and acid phosphatase were selected as evaluation indexes of soil fertility quality, and soil fertility quality indexes were screened by principal component analysis, and the index system of soil fertility quality evaluation was constructed by principal component analysis. The soil fertility quality indexes were analyzed by classical statistical method and ground statistics method. Krigiging insert was used in the analysis of soil fertility quality index. The spatial distribution map of soil fertility quality evaluation index was plotted. The spatial distribution pattern of soil fertility quality was plotted. The anastomosis of bamboo growth and soil fertility quality grade was analyzed, and the ecological measurement characteristics of C, N and P nutrient elements in bamboo forest were analyzed. The corresponding measures and countermeasures were put forward. The following main research results were obtained. (1) The principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first 6 principal components in the 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layers was 81.986% and 81.429%, and organic matter, available potassium, effective phosphorus, bulk density, the maximum water capacity, the minimum water holding capacity, the total porosity, acid phosphatase, and other 8 evaluation indexes had the greatest contribution to the soil fertility quality, which was relative to the relative soil fertility quality. The key factor of independence can be used as the evaluation index system of soil fertility quality in the study area. (2) statistical analysis shows that the content of organic matter decreases with the increase of soil depth, and the content of available potassium in 20-40cm soil layer is slightly higher than that of 0-20cm soil layer, and the content of effective phosphorus is not more than 2.3mg/kg in the average average of the two layer, and it is effective in the soil of the whole study area. The bulk density increases with the increase of soil depth, and the total porosity of soil is 59.30% and 57.13% in different soil layers, and the permeability of soil is better, it is beneficial to the growth of Phyllostachys pubescens, but the permeability decreases slightly with the increase of soil depth, the maximum water holding capacity is 66.89% and 60.1%, and the minimum water holding range is 48.64%. And 44.73%, the average value of acid phosphatase 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layer is 0.17mg*g-1*h-1, and the change range is small, the soil enzyme activity is more stable. (3) through normal distribution test, the indexes are basically normal distribution. In different soil layers, the evaluation indexes are positive and negative, and the acid phosphatase in the 20-40cm soil layer is not satisfied with the statistical analysis Assuming conditions, the Pw values of the other indexes are more than 0.05 after inspection or transformation. (4) the analysis of semi variance and spatial variability shows that the same evaluation index is basically consistent with the theoretical semi variance function model in different soil layers, and the best fitting of the exponential model for quick acting potassium, the bulk density, the minimum water holding capacity, the organic matter and the effective phosphorus are high. The best fit is to fit the maximum water holding capacity in 0-20cm. The Gauss model is fitted in the 20-40cm model, the total porosity is fitted to the Gauss model in 0-20cm soil layer, and the acid phosphatase is fitted with the Gauss model in the 20-40cm soil layer index model; the weight, the organic matter fit well, and the acid phosphatase is 0-20c The m soil layer model has better fitting degree, the maximum water holding capacity, the minimum water holding capacity and other indexes have large random variability. The organic matter, the available potassium and the total porosity have large structural spatial variation in different soil layers, the maximum water holding capacity, the minimum water holding capacity, the total porosity have weak spatial autocorrelation, the organic matter and the effective phosphorus are in different soil. The layer and acid phosphatase have strong spatial autocorrelation in the 0-20cm soil layer, the bulk density is medium variation in the two soil layers, the available potassium in the 0-20cm soil layer is the medium spatial autocorrelation, while the 20-40cm layer is strong spatial autocorrelation in the soil layer, and the change range is larger than the 1000m space between the 1042-1687m, and satisfies the Krigi. Ng interpolation requirements. (5) the spatial distribution of each evaluation index in different soil layers is distributed in a plaque like distribution, showing a low East high, the content of the fertility factors in the center or the north is higher than the surrounding area, and the central to the East is higher. (6) the soil fertility quality of the study area is divided into five grades. In general, the largest area of the two grade is the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second In the three, four, and five level.0-20cm soil layers, the first and two higher fertility regions are distributed in the middle and northern regions, and the three and three level areas are distributed from the middle to the East and the West; in the 20-40cm soil layer, the first grade, and the higher fertility regions of the two grade are distributed in the middle and northeast regions, and three and three. The area below is mainly distributed in the western and southeastern parts. (7) the soil fertility quality is high, the bamboo diameter of bamboo is thicker, the proportion of I degree bamboo and II degree bamboo in the bamboo age structure is larger, the III degree bamboo occupies relatively small, the quantity of bamboo shoots is large, the number of standing bamboo is large, the soil fertility quality is low, the diameter of bamboo's chest is reduced, the proportion of I degree bamboo and the second degree bamboo in the bamboo age structure is small, and III The amount of bamboo shoots is small, the amount of bamboo shoots is small, the new bamboo is less and the number of standing bamboo is few. (8) the Soil Eco chemical measurement characteristics of the study area are closely related to the soil fertility grade. The ratio of the eco stoichiometry of 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layer decreases with the decrease of the soil fertility quality grade in general, and the ratio changes in the individual fertility quality grade; C, N content is relatively high, P element content is generally not high, C, N, P element content change regularity is relatively stable and has internal stability. (9) geographical conditions, climatic characteristics, soil parent material and other natural factors as well as human activities interference are the main reasons for the spatial variation of soil fertility quality grade in the study area. Fill the phosphate fertilizer, adjust the stand structure, control the number of tourists, plan tourist routes and regional attractions.
【學位授予單位】：四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S795;S714
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