玉米芯強化生物反應器對養(yǎng)殖廢水脫氮效果及機理研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-02 20:10
【摘要】：本文針對我國循環(huán)養(yǎng)殖廢水氮污染較為嚴重現(xiàn)象,基于生物硝化反硝化脫氮原理,開展了以農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物玉米芯同時作為微生物載體和碳源的新型反應器脫氮效果及機理研究。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)5種典型循環(huán)水養(yǎng)殖系統(tǒng)水質(zhì)監(jiān)測結(jié)果表明:循環(huán)養(yǎng)殖廢水中氮的存在形式主要為硝酸氮,約占總氮含量的77%以上,最高時達90%;其次為氨氮,約占總氮含量的2~4%,亞硝氮含量最少。(2)實驗室條件下,人工強化玉米芯表面掛膜方式不僅操作簡便、啟動時間短,同時具有良好脫氮效果,可有效去除養(yǎng)殖廢水中的氮,氨氮可由最初的(8.00±2.22)mg·L~(-1)降至3.50 mg·L~(-1),硝酸鹽可從(31.50±1.57)mg·L~(-1)降至0.50 mg·L~(-1),較好地實現(xiàn)了高溶氧養(yǎng)殖廢水的同步硝化反硝化作用,總氮去除率達85%以上。(3)高通量分析測序結(jié)果表明:隨時間變化,以玉米芯為載體和碳源的生物膜,優(yōu)勢種有變形菌門(Proteobacteria)、擬桿菌門(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌門(Firmicutes)及綠彎菌門(Chloroflexi),其中硝化細菌菌屬主要由亞硝酸螺菌屬(Nitrosospira)、亞硝酸單胞菌屬(Nitrosomonas)、亞硝酸球菌屬(Nitrosococcus)組成。反硝化菌主要由產(chǎn)堿菌屬(Alcaligenes)、副球菌屬(Paracoccus)、假單胞菌屬(Pseudomonas)、脫氮硫桿菌(Thiobacillusdenitrificans)組成。且隨時間延長,微生物種類和數(shù)量均有所減少。(4)微生物表觀附著結(jié)果顯示:玉米芯表面粗糙、孔隙度大,利于微生物菌群的附著生長。掛膜后玉米芯表面明顯有菌膜生長,且生物膜上微生物主要以球菌為主。微生物空間分布結(jié)果表明:隨載體深度的增加,微生物種類和數(shù)量呈下降趨勢;隨時間延長,同一層次微生物種類和數(shù)量也呈下降趨勢,尤其中后期微生物附著情況明顯下降。(5)從載體內(nèi)部物質(zhì)變化角度分析得知:玉米芯掛膜成功后,生物膜表面DO為2.82 mg·L~(-1),且隨膜深度的增加,DO呈緩慢下降趨勢,其生物膜內(nèi)層溶解氧含量降至0.23 mg·L~(-1),整個變化過程中呈倒置 S‖型曲線。隨著深度增加,DO濃度也由好氧狀態(tài)逐漸降至厭氧狀態(tài);生物膜內(nèi)部N2O隨生物膜深度深入,變化穩(wěn)定,幾乎無累積現(xiàn)象。同時也間接得知此生物膜厚度約為2300μm。(6)新型反應器在實踐基地的應用效果表明:本次設(shè)計的廢水處理裝置能夠有效實現(xiàn)廢水脫氮功能,周年運行期間,硝酸鹽平均去除率在80%以上,最高達84.75%,最低時也有81.90%;總氮平均去除率也高達78%以上,最高達80.75%,最低也達78.25%,整體脫氮效果較好,可大規(guī)模推廣應用到水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖水體凈化領(lǐng)域。
[Abstract]:Based on the principle of biological nitrification and denitrification, the nitrogen removal effect and mechanism of a new reactor with agricultural waste corncob as microorganism carrier and carbon source were studied in view of the serious nitrogen pollution in recycling culture wastewater in China. The main results are as follows: (1) the results of monitoring the water quality of five typical circulating water culture systems show that the main form of nitrogen in the wastewater is nitrate nitrogen, which accounts for more than 77% of the total nitrogen content, the highest is 90%, the next is ammonia nitrogen. About 2% of the total nitrogen content, nitrite nitrogen content is the least. (2) under the laboratory condition, the artificial strengthening corncob surface hanging film way is not only simple to operate, the start-up time is short, at the same time has the good nitrogen removal effect, can effectively remove the nitrogen in the culture waste water, Ammonia nitrogen can be reduced from (8.00 鹵2.22) mg L ~ (-1) to 3.50 mg L ~ (-1), nitrate can be reduced from (31.50 鹵1.57) mg L ~ (-1) to 0.50 mg L ~ (-1). The simultaneous nitrification and denitrification of high dissolved oxygen culture wastewater is well realized, and the removal rate of total nitrogen reaches more than 85%. Using corncob as carrier and carbon source biofilm, the dominant species were Proteus, (Proteobacteria), (Bacteroidetes), (Firmicutes) and (Chloroflexi),. The genus of nitrifying bacteria was mainly composed of Helicobacter nitrite, (Nitrosospira), (Nitrosomonas), (Nitrosomonas), and (Nitrosococcus). Denitrifying bacteria are mainly composed of (Alcaligenes), (Paracoccus), pseudomonas, (Pseudomonas), (Thiobacillusdenitrificans). And with the extension of time, the species and number of microbes decreased. (4) the results of microorganism apparent attachment showed that the surface of corncob was rough and the porosity was large, which was conducive to the growth of microbial flora. The surface of corncob obviously grew on the surface of corncob, and the microorganism on the biofilm was mainly cocci. The results of microorganism spatial distribution showed that the species and quantity of microorganism decreased with the increase of carrier depth, and decreased with the increase of time. Especially in the middle and late stage, the microorganism adhesion was obviously decreased. (5) from the point of view of material change inside the carrier, the results showed that the do on the biofilm surface was 2.82 mg L ~ (-1) after the corncob was successfully suspended, and the do decreased slowly with the increase of the film depth. The dissolved oxygen content in the inner layer of the biofilm decreased to 0.23 mg / L ~ (-1). With the depth increasing, the concentration of do also decreased gradually from aerobic to anaerobic, and N2O in biofilm changed steadily with the depth of biofilm, almost no accumulation phenomenon. At the same time, the biofilm thickness is about 2300 渭 m. (6) the application effect of the new reactor in the practical base shows that the wastewater treatment device designed in this paper can effectively realize the denitrification function of wastewater, and during the annual operation period, The average removal rate of nitrate is above 80%, the highest is 84.7575, and the lowest is 81.90. The average removal rate of total nitrogen is over 78%, the highest is 80.7575 and the lowest is 78.255.The overall nitrogen removal effect is better, and can be applied to the field of aquiculture water purification on a large scale.
【學位授予單位】：上海海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X714
[Abstract]:Based on the principle of biological nitrification and denitrification, the nitrogen removal effect and mechanism of a new reactor with agricultural waste corncob as microorganism carrier and carbon source were studied in view of the serious nitrogen pollution in recycling culture wastewater in China. The main results are as follows: (1) the results of monitoring the water quality of five typical circulating water culture systems show that the main form of nitrogen in the wastewater is nitrate nitrogen, which accounts for more than 77% of the total nitrogen content, the highest is 90%, the next is ammonia nitrogen. About 2% of the total nitrogen content, nitrite nitrogen content is the least. (2) under the laboratory condition, the artificial strengthening corncob surface hanging film way is not only simple to operate, the start-up time is short, at the same time has the good nitrogen removal effect, can effectively remove the nitrogen in the culture waste water, Ammonia nitrogen can be reduced from (8.00 鹵2.22) mg L ~ (-1) to 3.50 mg L ~ (-1), nitrate can be reduced from (31.50 鹵1.57) mg L ~ (-1) to 0.50 mg L ~ (-1). The simultaneous nitrification and denitrification of high dissolved oxygen culture wastewater is well realized, and the removal rate of total nitrogen reaches more than 85%. Using corncob as carrier and carbon source biofilm, the dominant species were Proteus, (Proteobacteria), (Bacteroidetes), (Firmicutes) and (Chloroflexi),. The genus of nitrifying bacteria was mainly composed of Helicobacter nitrite, (Nitrosospira), (Nitrosomonas), (Nitrosomonas), and (Nitrosococcus). Denitrifying bacteria are mainly composed of (Alcaligenes), (Paracoccus), pseudomonas, (Pseudomonas), (Thiobacillusdenitrificans). And with the extension of time, the species and number of microbes decreased. (4) the results of microorganism apparent attachment showed that the surface of corncob was rough and the porosity was large, which was conducive to the growth of microbial flora. The surface of corncob obviously grew on the surface of corncob, and the microorganism on the biofilm was mainly cocci. The results of microorganism spatial distribution showed that the species and quantity of microorganism decreased with the increase of carrier depth, and decreased with the increase of time. Especially in the middle and late stage, the microorganism adhesion was obviously decreased. (5) from the point of view of material change inside the carrier, the results showed that the do on the biofilm surface was 2.82 mg L ~ (-1) after the corncob was successfully suspended, and the do decreased slowly with the increase of the film depth. The dissolved oxygen content in the inner layer of the biofilm decreased to 0.23 mg / L ~ (-1). With the depth increasing, the concentration of do also decreased gradually from aerobic to anaerobic, and N2O in biofilm changed steadily with the depth of biofilm, almost no accumulation phenomenon. At the same time, the biofilm thickness is about 2300 渭 m. (6) the application effect of the new reactor in the practical base shows that the wastewater treatment device designed in this paper can effectively realize the denitrification function of wastewater, and during the annual operation period, The average removal rate of nitrate is above 80%, the highest is 84.7575, and the lowest is 81.90. The average removal rate of total nitrogen is over 78%, the highest is 80.7575 and the lowest is 78.255.The overall nitrogen removal effect is better, and can be applied to the field of aquiculture water purification on a large scale.
【學位授予單位】：上海海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X714
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