【摘要】：精準農(nóng)業(yè)作為當今農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的重要支撐項目，由3S技術（遙感技術RS、地理信息系統(tǒng)GIS、全球定位系統(tǒng)GPS）作為支持，采集地塊的地理信息，了解土壤所需化肥含量，依據(jù)專家決策系統(tǒng)，完成農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)上的要求。在精準農(nóng)業(yè)技術中，變量施肥技術是其重要的組成部分。變量施肥主要有兩種方式，一種是根據(jù)實時監(jiān)測土壤信息反饋給控制系統(tǒng)，來對地塊施肥進行變量調(diào)節(jié)，另一種是由GPS采集地塊地理位置信息，由處方圖提供地塊施肥信息，控制施肥裝置進行施肥。變量施肥不僅可以提高土壤利用率，有效的保證化肥的正常使用，不會造成土地退化等嚴重后果，還能為農(nóng)民節(jié)省投入，增加農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量，保證農(nóng)民收入，防止由于濫用化肥造成的水源富養(yǎng)化和環(huán)境污染等問題。本文是對變量施肥液壓驅(qū)動控制系統(tǒng)進行設計以及深入的研究。 比較現(xiàn)有的幾種變量施肥驅(qū)動控制系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)缺點，針對適合我國農(nóng)業(yè)工作施肥機械特點，提出變量施肥液壓驅(qū)動控制系統(tǒng)設計方案。總結(jié)幾種不同驅(qū)動控制系統(tǒng)方法，進行變量施肥液壓驅(qū)動控制系統(tǒng)的硬件研究，其中包括步進電機、驅(qū)動器、控制器分析及研究，對外槽輪式排肥器進行了分析，觸摸屏計算機選用和GPS接收機系統(tǒng)的介紹，對關鍵部件液壓增扭器進行了重點闡述，包括液壓增扭器參數(shù)計算及選用標準等等。建立控制系統(tǒng)數(shù)學方程，試驗系統(tǒng)的完整性以及可行性，建立數(shù)學模型進行分析。最后，對系統(tǒng)進行調(diào)試，由黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學液壓試驗室提供試驗地點，驗證了設計系統(tǒng)是否運轉(zhuǎn)正常，運轉(zhuǎn)電壓以及液壓試驗臺電機轉(zhuǎn)速，，流量與液壓油壓力之間的關系，驗證變量施肥驅(qū)動控制系統(tǒng)的合理性與可行性，便于以后變量施肥田間試驗，最后得出結(jié)論，可以滿足農(nóng)業(yè)變量施肥要求。
[Abstract]:Precision agriculture, as an important supporting project of agricultural development today, is supported by 3s technology (RS, GIS, GPS) to collect geographic information of plots and to understand the chemical fertilizer content required by soil. According to the expert decision system, complete the agricultural production requirements. Variable rate fertilization is an important part of precision agriculture technology. There are two main ways of variable fertilization. One is to feed back to the control system according to the real-time monitoring soil information, the other is to collect the geographic location information of the plot by GPS, and to provide the plot fertilization information by the prescription map. Control fertilization device for fertilization. Variable rate fertilization can not only improve the soil utilization rate, effectively ensure the normal use of chemical fertilizer and avoid serious consequences such as land degradation, but also save farmers' input, increase crop yields, and ensure farmers' income. To prevent the abuse of chemical fertilizer caused by the water eutrophication and environmental pollution and other problems. In this paper, the variable rate fertilization hydraulic drive control system is designed and studied. This paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of several kinds of variable rate fertilization drive control systems, and puts forward the design scheme of variable rate fertilization hydraulic drive control system according to the characteristics of fertilization machinery suitable for agricultural work in China. This paper summarizes several kinds of drive and control system methods, and studies the hardware of variable rate fertilization hydraulic drive control system, including stepper motor, driver, controller analysis and research, and external grooved wheel fertiliser. The selection of touch-screen computer and the introduction of GPS receiver system are introduced. The key components of hydraulic torsion augmentation device are described emphatically, including the parameter calculation and selection standard of hydraulic torsion augmentation device, and so on. The mathematical equation of the control system is established, the integrity and feasibility of the test system are established, and the mathematical model is established for analysis. Finally, the system was debugged and the test site was provided by the hydraulic laboratory of Bayi Nongken University in Heilongjiang, which verified whether the design system was running normally, running voltage, and the relationship between motor speed, flow rate and hydraulic oil pressure on the hydraulic test-bed. The rationality and feasibility of the variable rate fertilization driving control system are verified, which is convenient for the field experiment of variable rate fertilization in the future. Finally, the conclusion is drawn that it can meet the requirements of variable rate fertilization in agriculture.
【學位授予單位】：黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S224.22

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