林火對(duì)興安落葉松林土壤微生物及酶活性的影響研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-30 06:40
【摘要】：本文以大興安嶺北部興安落葉松林火燒跡地為研究對(duì)象,選取了1996年、2003年、2009年、2012年的火燒跡地,利用生化方法對(duì)不同程度火燒跡地土壤微生物數(shù)量、微生物量碳氮以及土壤酶活性的變化及各指標(biāo)與環(huán)境因子間相互關(guān)系進(jìn)行研究。目的是為火干擾后森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的恢復(fù)提供理論依據(jù)和參考。研究結(jié)果表明：1.不同程度火燒對(duì)土壤微生物數(shù)量的影響火燒跡地和未過(guò)火區(qū)土壤微生物數(shù)量均存在明顯的月動(dòng)態(tài),在未過(guò)火區(qū)細(xì)菌和真菌數(shù)量月動(dòng)態(tài)呈單峰狀,分別在6月和7月值最大；放線菌數(shù)量在5月最大,呈遞減趨勢(shì),在9月出現(xiàn)峰值。輕度火燒跡地微生物數(shù)量月動(dòng)態(tài)與未過(guò)火區(qū)一致,重度火燒跡地微生物數(shù)量在個(gè)別月份與未過(guò)火區(qū)存在差異�；馃蟛煌晗蕖⒉煌潭然馃E地微生物數(shù)量變化不同。火燒后輕度火燒跡地放線菌和真菌數(shù)量增加,細(xì)菌數(shù)量經(jīng)歷了短暫的降低后增加,但隨著時(shí)間的推移又逐漸降低,與未過(guò)火區(qū)間的差異逐漸縮小。重度火燒跡地微生物數(shù)量在火燒后短時(shí)間內(nèi)均低于未過(guò)火區(qū),隨時(shí)間的變化規(guī)律不明顯,但最終與未過(guò)火區(qū)的差異均不顯著。在不同程度火燒跡地,環(huán)境因子對(duì)土壤微生物數(shù)量產(chǎn)生的影響不同。未過(guò)火區(qū),微生物數(shù)量主要受到有機(jī)碳和全氮的影響。在輕度火燒跡地微生物數(shù)量不僅與有機(jī)碳和全氮相關(guān),也與速效養(yǎng)分相關(guān)。在重度火燒跡地,微生物數(shù)量主要受到速效養(yǎng)分、pH和含水率等的影響。2.不同程度火燒對(duì)土壤微生物量碳、氮的影響火燒跡地和未過(guò)火區(qū)土壤微生物量碳、氮均存在明顯的月動(dòng)態(tài),輕度火燒跡地和未過(guò)火區(qū)土壤微生物量碳、氮的月動(dòng)態(tài)一致,表現(xiàn)為在7月出現(xiàn)峰值,在6月和9月分別出現(xiàn)極小值。重度火燒跡地土壤微生物量碳、氮含量分別在6月和7月出現(xiàn)最大值,并且均只在9月出現(xiàn)極小值。火燒跡地土壤微生物量碳、氮在火燒后1年低于未過(guò)火區(qū),且隨著火燒程度的增加,微生物量碳、氮降低的越多。在火燒2年以后,輕度火燒跡地土壤微生物量碳、氮均超過(guò)未過(guò)火區(qū),并且直到火燒后18年,始終高于未過(guò)火區(qū)。而重度火燒跡地的土壤微生物量碳一直到火燒后18年始終低于未過(guò)火區(qū),土壤微生物氮在火燒后18年才恢復(fù)至未過(guò)火區(qū)水平。土壤微生物量碳、氮在不同程度火燒跡地的影響因子存在差異。與未過(guò)火區(qū)相比,輕度火燒跡地微生物量碳與全氮、速效鉀、全氮含量相關(guān)性增強(qiáng),微生物量氮與pH相關(guān)性增強(qiáng)。重度火燒跡地,微生物量碳與全氮相關(guān)性增強(qiáng),微生物量氮與有機(jī)碳相關(guān)性減弱。3.不同程度火燒對(duì)土壤酶活性的影響火燒跡地和未過(guò)火區(qū)土壤酶活性均表現(xiàn)出了明顯的月動(dòng)態(tài)變化,在未過(guò)火區(qū)土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶分別在7月和6月達(dá)到最大值,且均在9月為最小值：過(guò)氧化氫酶活性6月最小,8月最大。除重度火燒跡地過(guò)氧化氫酶活性以外,火燒跡地土壤酶活性均與為火燒區(qū)月動(dòng)態(tài)變化一致�；馃蟛煌潭然馃E地土壤酶活性在不同恢復(fù)年限存在差異。在輕度火燒跡地,過(guò)氧化氫酶恢復(fù)較快,在火燒后2年就恢復(fù)到了未過(guò)火區(qū)的水平,而脲酶和蔗糖酶分別在火燒后5年和11年才恢復(fù)到未過(guò)火區(qū)水平。重度火燒跡地,所有酶的活性經(jīng)過(guò)多年的恢復(fù)依然低于未過(guò)火區(qū)。土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶對(duì)火燒較敏感,過(guò)氧化氫酶受火燒影響較少,土壤蔗糖酶受pH影響較大。火燒影響下不同土壤酶活性的影響因子發(fā)生了變化,與未火燒區(qū)相比,火燒跡地土壤酶活性受到微生物的影響增強(qiáng)。輕度火燒跡蔗糖酶活性與真菌相關(guān)性增強(qiáng)；重度火燒跡地蔗糖酶、脲酶與真菌相關(guān)性增強(qiáng),過(guò)氧化氫酶與細(xì)菌相關(guān)性增強(qiáng)。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the burning slash of Larix gmelinii in northern Greater Khingan Range, Xingan, was studied. In 1996, 2003, 2009 and 2012, the number of soil microbes, the microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, the change of soil enzyme activity and the relationship between the indexes and the environmental factors were studied by biochemical methods. The objective is to provide theoretical basis and reference for the restoration of forest ecosystem after fire interference. The results show that: 1. the effect of fire on soil microorganism quantity in different degrees of fire and the number of soil microbes in the burning and unburned areas have obvious monthly dynamics, and the monthly dynamics of bacteria and fungi in the unoverheated area are single peak, respectively, 6 The maximum value of the month and July, the number of actinomycetes in May, the decrease trend, the peak in September. The number of microbes in the mild burning trace is the same as that in the unburned area. The number of microbes in the severe burning trace is different from that in the unburned area in a few months. The number of actinomycetes and fungi increased in the light burning spot after fire, and the number of bacteria increased after a short period of decrease, but the difference gradually decreased with time. The number of microorganisms in the severe burned area was lower than that of the unburned area in a short time after the fire, and the law of change with time was unknown. The effects of environmental factors on the number of soil microbes were different in different degrees of fire. The number of microorganisms was mainly influenced by organic carbon and total nitrogen in the unburned area. The number of microbes in the light burned area was not only related to organic carbon and total nitrogen, but also related to the available nutrients. In the severe burning site, the number of microorganisms was mainly affected by available nutrients, pH and water content and so on. The effect of.2. on soil microbial biomass carbon in different degrees, the influence of nitrogen on the soil microbial biomass carbon in the burning and unoverheated areas, and the soil microbial biomass carbon in the light burning and unoverheated areas and the monthly dynamic of nitrogen The results showed that the peak value appeared in July and the minimum value in June and September. The soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were maximum in June and July, respectively in June and July, and only in September. The soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were lower in 1 years after the fire, and with the increase of fire degree, the microbiological amount of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were low. The amount of carbon and nitrogen decreased more. After 2 years of fire, the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in the light burned ground exceeded the unburned area and remained higher than the unoverheated area until 18 years after the fire. And the soil microbial biomass of the severe burned soil remained low in the 18 year after the fire, and the soil microbial nitrogen was only 18 years after the fire. The influence factors of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in different burned areas were different. Compared with the unburned area, the correlation between microbial biomass carbon and total nitrogen, available potassium and total nitrogen in the light burned area increased, the correlation of microbial biomass nitrogen and pH increased. The correlation between microbial biomass carbon and total nitrogen was related to the severe burning site. The correlation between microbial biomass nitrogen and organic carbon decreased the effect of.3. on soil enzyme activity in different degrees. The activity of soil enzyme in the burning and unburned areas showed significant monthly dynamic changes. The soil urease and sucrase reached the maximum in July and June in the unoverheated area, and all in September were the minimum value of catalase. The activity in June was the smallest and the largest in August. In addition to the activity of the catalase in the severe burning trace, the activity of soil enzyme in the burned area was the same as that of the monthly dynamic change in the burning area. The soil enzyme activity in different burned sites after fire was different. The catalase was recovered rapidly in the light burning slash, and it was restored in 2 years after the fire. The urease and sucrase were restored to the level of the unburned area only 5 and 11 years after the fire, and the activity of all enzymes was still lower than the unoverheated area. The soil urease and sucrase were more sensitive to fire, and the hydrogen peroxide enzyme was less affected by fire, and the soil invertase was affected by pH shadow. The influence factor of the enzyme activity of different soils changed under the influence of fire. Compared with the unburned area, the activity of soil enzyme was enhanced by microorganism. The activity of sugarcane sugar enzyme was enhanced with the fungi; the correlation between the invertase, urease and fungi in the severe burning trace, the catalase and the bacteria were increased. Correlation enhancement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S762;S714.3
本文編號(hào)：2154156
[Abstract]:In this paper, the burning slash of Larix gmelinii in northern Greater Khingan Range, Xingan, was studied. In 1996, 2003, 2009 and 2012, the number of soil microbes, the microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, the change of soil enzyme activity and the relationship between the indexes and the environmental factors were studied by biochemical methods. The objective is to provide theoretical basis and reference for the restoration of forest ecosystem after fire interference. The results show that: 1. the effect of fire on soil microorganism quantity in different degrees of fire and the number of soil microbes in the burning and unburned areas have obvious monthly dynamics, and the monthly dynamics of bacteria and fungi in the unoverheated area are single peak, respectively, 6 The maximum value of the month and July, the number of actinomycetes in May, the decrease trend, the peak in September. The number of microbes in the mild burning trace is the same as that in the unburned area. The number of microbes in the severe burning trace is different from that in the unburned area in a few months. The number of actinomycetes and fungi increased in the light burning spot after fire, and the number of bacteria increased after a short period of decrease, but the difference gradually decreased with time. The number of microorganisms in the severe burned area was lower than that of the unburned area in a short time after the fire, and the law of change with time was unknown. The effects of environmental factors on the number of soil microbes were different in different degrees of fire. The number of microorganisms was mainly influenced by organic carbon and total nitrogen in the unburned area. The number of microbes in the light burned area was not only related to organic carbon and total nitrogen, but also related to the available nutrients. In the severe burning site, the number of microorganisms was mainly affected by available nutrients, pH and water content and so on. The effect of.2. on soil microbial biomass carbon in different degrees, the influence of nitrogen on the soil microbial biomass carbon in the burning and unoverheated areas, and the soil microbial biomass carbon in the light burning and unoverheated areas and the monthly dynamic of nitrogen The results showed that the peak value appeared in July and the minimum value in June and September. The soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were maximum in June and July, respectively in June and July, and only in September. The soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were lower in 1 years after the fire, and with the increase of fire degree, the microbiological amount of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were low. The amount of carbon and nitrogen decreased more. After 2 years of fire, the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in the light burned ground exceeded the unburned area and remained higher than the unoverheated area until 18 years after the fire. And the soil microbial biomass of the severe burned soil remained low in the 18 year after the fire, and the soil microbial nitrogen was only 18 years after the fire. The influence factors of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in different burned areas were different. Compared with the unburned area, the correlation between microbial biomass carbon and total nitrogen, available potassium and total nitrogen in the light burned area increased, the correlation of microbial biomass nitrogen and pH increased. The correlation between microbial biomass carbon and total nitrogen was related to the severe burning site. The correlation between microbial biomass nitrogen and organic carbon decreased the effect of.3. on soil enzyme activity in different degrees. The activity of soil enzyme in the burning and unburned areas showed significant monthly dynamic changes. The soil urease and sucrase reached the maximum in July and June in the unoverheated area, and all in September were the minimum value of catalase. The activity in June was the smallest and the largest in August. In addition to the activity of the catalase in the severe burning trace, the activity of soil enzyme in the burned area was the same as that of the monthly dynamic change in the burning area. The soil enzyme activity in different burned sites after fire was different. The catalase was recovered rapidly in the light burning slash, and it was restored in 2 years after the fire. The urease and sucrase were restored to the level of the unburned area only 5 and 11 years after the fire, and the activity of all enzymes was still lower than the unoverheated area. The soil urease and sucrase were more sensitive to fire, and the hydrogen peroxide enzyme was less affected by fire, and the soil invertase was affected by pH shadow. The influence factor of the enzyme activity of different soils changed under the influence of fire. Compared with the unburned area, the activity of soil enzyme was enhanced by microorganism. The activity of sugarcane sugar enzyme was enhanced with the fungi; the correlation between the invertase, urease and fungi in the severe burning trace, the catalase and the bacteria were increased. Correlation enhancement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S762;S714.3
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