【摘要】：我國(guó)是個(gè)人口大國(guó),農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó),近年來伴隨經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展、城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程的加快,大量耕地被占用。我國(guó)面臨人均耕地少,耕地質(zhì)量偏低,耕地后備資源不足的嚴(yán)峻問題。耕地問題直接威脅到糧食安全問題,而我們生活水平和城市化水平的提高,對(duì)糧食的需求將持續(xù)增長(zhǎng),解決耕地問題迫在眉睫。土地整治是增加耕地面積和提高耕地質(zhì)量的有效途徑,研究土地整治項(xiàng)目對(duì)耕地質(zhì)量的影響可以為土地整治規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)、耕地資源合理利用、管理和保護(hù)耕地,保障糧食安全提供科學(xué)依據(jù),具有重要意義。本文以上高縣2012年的土地整治項(xiàng)目區(qū)為研究區(qū)。從耕地質(zhì)量等別和耕地產(chǎn)能兩方面來反映土地整治前后耕地質(zhì)量的變化,分析土地整治項(xiàng)目對(duì)耕地質(zhì)量變化的影響因子及各因子的影響程度。首先在上高縣上輪耕地質(zhì)量等級(jí)年度更新的成果基礎(chǔ)上,利用層次分析法和特爾斐法相結(jié)合確定評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系和指標(biāo)權(quán)重。根據(jù)重新確定的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)及權(quán)重對(duì)研究區(qū)上輪耕地質(zhì)量等級(jí)年度更新成果進(jìn)行更新,更新結(jié)果作為整治前的耕地質(zhì)量等級(jí);利用k-means方法確定最大產(chǎn)量,更新最大“產(chǎn)量-成本”指數(shù),重新計(jì)算土地利用系數(shù)和土地經(jīng)濟(jì)系數(shù),利用農(nóng)用地分等方法評(píng)價(jià)整治后耕地質(zhì)量等別。然后根據(jù)上高縣上輪耕地質(zhì)量等級(jí)年度更新成果,及收集到的各產(chǎn)量數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)應(yīng)自然質(zhì)量等指數(shù)、利用等指數(shù),建立產(chǎn)能線性回歸模型,獲得研究區(qū)整治前后耕地產(chǎn)能核算結(jié)果。最后對(duì)比分析研究區(qū)整治前后耕地質(zhì)量等級(jí)和產(chǎn)能的變化,利用因子分析法分析土地整治項(xiàng)目工程對(duì)耕地質(zhì)量變化的影響因子的影響程度。取得的主要結(jié)果如下:(1)確定的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)在原來的基礎(chǔ)上考慮了土地整治項(xiàng)目工程特征,增加了田塊規(guī)整度和路網(wǎng)密度兩個(gè)指標(biāo)。早稻最大產(chǎn)量、最大“產(chǎn)量-成本”指數(shù)變化,分別是530千克/畝、1.191千克/元。重算后的土地利用系數(shù)、土地經(jīng)濟(jì)系數(shù)在原來的基礎(chǔ)上基本不同程度地提升。整治前自然等別有11-14等,分別占總面積的5.47%、27.98%、61.29%、5.26%,整治后自然等別有12-14等別,分別占總面積的6.40%、61.62%、31.98%;整治前利用等別有7-12等,分別占總面積的1.78%、3.54%、41.25%、25.33%、21.60%、6.50%,整治后利用等有8~13等,分別占總面積的2.38%、7.92%、36.91%、18.01%、30.09%、4.69%;整治前經(jīng)濟(jì)等有4-9等,分別占總面積的4.97%、1.59%、3.48%、12.68%、57.11%、20.17%;整治后經(jīng)濟(jì)等有4~10等,分別占總面積的0.46%、4.51%、、4.21%、1.46%、9.94%、59.46%、19.96%。(2)產(chǎn)能核算研究區(qū)整治前的理論單產(chǎn)、可實(shí)現(xiàn)單產(chǎn)、實(shí)際單產(chǎn)分別是14718.04千克/公頃、12101.41千克/公頃、11351.13千克/公頃,整治后理論單產(chǎn)、可實(shí)現(xiàn)單產(chǎn)、實(shí)際單產(chǎn)分別是15394.29千克/公頃、12996.78千克/公頃、11591.55千克/公頃。整治前的理論產(chǎn)能、可實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)能、實(shí)際產(chǎn)能分別是1.60萬噸、1.30萬噸、1.23萬噸,整治后的理論產(chǎn)能、可實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)能、實(shí)際產(chǎn)能分別是1.70萬噸、1.42萬噸、1.28萬噸。(3)對(duì)比研究區(qū)土地整治前后耕地質(zhì)量等別和產(chǎn)能的變化,耕地質(zhì)量等別和耕地產(chǎn)能總體都提升,各片區(qū)單產(chǎn)水平的變化與各片區(qū)耕地質(zhì)量等別的變化基本一致。土地整治項(xiàng)目工程對(duì)耕地質(zhì)量變化的影響因子的影響程度大小排序依次為:灌溉保證率、排水條件、有機(jī)質(zhì)含量、田塊規(guī)整度、路網(wǎng)密度、地形坡度、土壤pH含量。
[Abstract]:China is a big country with a large population and a large agricultural country. In recent years, with the rapid development of economy, the accelerated process of urbanization, a large number of cultivated land is occupied. China is facing a serious problem of low per capita cultivated land, low quality of cultivated land and insufficient reserve resources of cultivated land. The problem of cultivated land is directly threatened by the problem of cultivated land, and the level of living and the urbanization level of our country The demand for grain will continue to increase, and it is urgent to solve the problem of cultivated land. Land renovation is an effective way to increase the area of cultivated land and improve the quality of cultivated land. The study of the influence of land regulation projects on the quality of cultivated land can be designed for the planning of land regulation, the rational use of cultivated land resources, management and protection of cultivated land, and the provision of food security. The land renovation project area of High County in 2012 is the research area. From two aspects of the quality of cultivated land and the productivity of cultivated land, it reflects the change of the quality of cultivated land before and after the land renovation, analyzes the influence factors of the land renovation project on the change of cultivated land quality and the influence degree of each factor. On the basis of the annual renewal of the cultivated land quality grade, the evaluation index system and index weight are determined by the combination of analytic hierarchy process and Delphi method. According to the redefined evaluation index and weight, the annual renewal results of the quality grade of the round arable land on the research area are updated, and the updated results are used as the quality grade of cultivated land before the renovation, and K is used. The -means method determines the maximum yield, updates the maximum yield cost index, re calculates the land use coefficient and the land economic coefficient, and uses the agricultural land classification method to evaluate the quality of the cultivated land after the renovation, and then according to the annual renewal results of the quality grade of the upper round cultivated land in Shanggao County, and the collected data of each yield, corresponding to the natural quality, etc. Index, using the equal index, establish the linear regression model of productivity, obtain the results of farmland productivity accounting before and after the study area. Finally, compare and analyze the changes of the quality grade and productivity of cultivated land before and after the renovation of the study area, and analyze the influence degree of the influence factors on the change of the tillage geology by the factor analysis method. The results are as follows: (1) on the basis of the original evaluation index, the characteristics of the land regulation project are taken into consideration, and two indexes are increased, the maximum yield and the maximum yield cost index of early rice are 530 kg / mu, 1 thousand and 191 g / yuan respectively. The land use coefficient and the land economic coefficient after the recalculation On the basis of the original basis, basically different degrees of promotion. Before the renovation, there are 11-14 classes of nature, accounting for 5.47%, 27.98%, 61.29%, 5.26% of the total area respectively. After the renovation, there are 12-14 classes, respectively, 6.40%, 61.62%, 31.98%, respectively, and 7-12, respectively, accounting for 1.78%, 3.54%, 41.25%, 25.33%, etc. After renovation, the total area was 2.38%, 7.92%, 36.91%, 18.01%, 30.09%, 4.69%, respectively, and 4-9 of the economy before the renovation, which accounted for 4.97%, 1.59%, 3.48%, 12.68%, 57.11%, 20.17%, respectively, and the total area was 4~10, respectively. The single production can be realized before the treatment. The actual yield is 14718.04 kg / ha, 12101.41 kg / HA and 11351.13 kg / hectare. The single production can be realized after the renovation. The actual yield is 15394.29 kg / ha, 12996.78 kg / HA and 11591.55 kg / ha. The theoretical productivity before the renovation can be realized, and the production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized. Actual production capacity can be realized, actual production capacity can be realized, actual production capacity can be realized in practice Production capacity is 16 thousand tons, 13 thousand tons, 12 thousand and 300 tons, after the renovation of the theoretical capacity, can achieve production capacity, the actual capacity is 17 thousand tons, 14 thousand and 200 tons, 12 thousand and 800 tons. (3) compared to the study area before and after the land improvement of farmland quality and other quality and productivity changes, the quality of cultivated land and cultivated land overall increase, the level of production level changes in each area and the change of the level of production level changes in the region and the changes in the production level of the region and the changes in the level of production level changes in the level of production zones and the changes in the level of production level changes and single production level changes and The changes in the quality of cultivated land in each area are basically the same. The order of the influence degree of the influence factors on the change of cultivated land quality is the following order: irrigation guarantee rate, drainage condition, organic matter content, field regularity, road network density, terrain slope, and soil pH content.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S158;F323.211

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