【摘要】：氟是人體必不可缺少的元素,少則引發(fā)齲齒,多則導致氟中毒。地方性氟中毒在我國廣泛分布,防治形勢嚴峻,魯西南地區(qū)尤為嚴重。本論文旨在研究曹縣地氟病區(qū)水土環(huán)境中氟的含量、空間分布特征及其賦存狀態(tài),探討氟在水土環(huán)境中的相關關系,并利用豐富的第一手資料,對研究區(qū)內土壤、地下水中氟的分布態(tài)勢進行模擬和制圖,主要研究內容及結果如下:(1)系統(tǒng)采集研究區(qū)淺層和深層地下水樣品,進行室內測試,分析地下水中氟的含量及分布特征。研究結果表明,地下水中的氟離子濃度平均值為1.26 mg/L,氟超標率為52.08%,超標嚴重;高氟水呈大塊面狀分布在研究區(qū)域的西北部以及東、中部,低氟區(qū)呈條狀、帶狀分布在中部及南部;而地下水氟濃度在垂向上的分布規(guī)律有隨著水位埋深的增大而遞增的趨勢。(2)研究區(qū)域高氟水的成因類型為溶濾—蒸發(fā)濃縮型。黃河沖積帶來的泥砂含有大量的含氟礦物,為高氟水的形成提供了穩(wěn)定的物質來源,以Na-HCO3、Na-SO4-HCO3型水為主的水化學特征為氟元素在地下水中富集提供了有利條件。(3)系統(tǒng)采集研究區(qū)表層土壤,并選擇典型區(qū)采集不同深度沉積物樣品,進行室內分析測試,研究土壤中氟的含量及分布特征。研究結果表明,表層土壤氟含量的平均值為455.95 mg/kg,深層土壤氟含量的平均值為470.94 mg/kg;土壤氟含量在水平方向上的分布情況比較簡單,總體變化比較平緩;土壤氟含量在垂向上的分布隨土壤深度與質地而波動,沒有明顯規(guī)律,而是與土壤質地有關。(4)本研究采用逐級化學提取的方法對土壤中不同形態(tài)氟進行浸提,探討土壤中氟的賦存狀態(tài)。研究結果表明,表層與深層土壤中氟的賦存形態(tài)因人為因素而略有不同,各個氟形態(tài)之間在一定條件下可以相互轉化。(5)根據以上的研究結果,結合土柱模擬實驗分析地下水中氟濃度與土壤中氟含量的相關關系。研究結果表明,地下水氟濃度與表層土壤氟含量沒有明顯的相關性,水溶態(tài)氟是地下水中氟的來源,而地層中土壤質地是氟源能否進入地下水的決定性因素。
[Abstract]:Fluorine is an indispensable element in the human body, less lead to dental caries, many lead to fluorosis. Endemic fluorosis is widely distributed in China, the situation of prevention and treatment is grim, especially in southwest Shandong. The purpose of this paper is to study the content, spatial distribution and occurrence of fluorine in the soil and water environment of the endemic fluorosis area of Cao County, and to explore the correlation between fluorine and water and soil environment, and to make use of abundant first-hand data to study the soil in the study area. The main contents and results are as follows: (1) the samples of shallow and deep groundwater in the study area are collected systematically, and the contents and distribution characteristics of fluoride in groundwater are analyzed. The results show that the average concentration of fluorine ion in groundwater is 1.26 mg / L, the fluorine excess rate is 52.08, and the high fluorine water is distributed in the northwest of the study area, in the east and in the middle, and in the low fluorine area. The distribution of groundwater fluoride concentration in the vertical direction tends to increase with the increase of water level depth. (2) the genetic type of high fluorine water in the study area is dissolved filtration and evaporation concentration. The mud sand from the Yellow River alluvial contains a large amount of fluorine-bearing minerals, which provides a stable material source for the formation of high-fluorine water. The hydrochemical characteristics of Na-HCO3-Na-SO4-HCO3 type water provide favorable conditions for the enrichment of fluorine elements in groundwater. (3) the surface soil of the study area is collected systematically, and samples of sediments of different depths are collected from typical areas for indoor analysis and test. The content and distribution of fluorine in soil were studied. The results showed that the average fluorine content of surface soil was 455.95 mg / kg, and that of deep soil was 470.94 mg / kg. The distribution of soil fluoride in vertical direction fluctuates with soil depth and texture, but is related to soil texture. (4) in this study, different forms of fluorine in soil were extracted by stepwise chemical extraction. The occurrence of fluorine in soil was studied. The results show that the occurrence forms of fluorine in surface and deep soil are slightly different from those in human factors, and each fluorine form can be transformed to each other under certain conditions. (5) based on the above results, The correlation between fluorine concentration in groundwater and fluorine content in soil was analyzed by soil column simulation experiment. The results show that there is no obvious correlation between fluoride concentration in groundwater and fluorine content in surface soil. Water soluble fluoride is the source of fluorine in groundwater, and the soil texture in stratum is the decisive factor for fluorine source to enter groundwater.
【學位授予單位】：濟南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S151.9;P641.3

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本文編號：2151349