【摘要】：土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)是農(nóng)田土壤肥力的核心,并與全球氣候變化密切相關(guān)。長(zhǎng)期施肥顯著影響土壤總有機(jī)碳的含量,并且對(duì)土壤不同保護(hù)機(jī)制的碳庫(kù)影響不同。本研究主要從土壤不同碳組分的特征及其與土壤總有機(jī)碳的關(guān)系入手,以期為土壤的培肥與管理措施的選擇提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。本文分別于長(zhǎng)期定位試驗(yàn)站選取不同施肥處理的南方水稻土(紅壤,31年)和北方旱地土壤(棕壤,28年),采集0-20 cm土層樣品。水稻土包括5種施肥處理：不施肥(CK),單施化肥(NPK),不同比例有機(jī)肥與化肥配施(NPKM7/3、 NPKM5/5、NPKM3/7);旱地包括5種處理：不施肥(CK),單施化肥(N2),不同比例有機(jī)肥與化肥配施(M1N1P1、M2N2、M4N2P1)。采用物理-化學(xué)聯(lián)合分組方法將土壤分成不同的保護(hù)組分：非保護(hù)組分(cPOM, LF),物理保護(hù)組分(μagg, iPOM),化學(xué)保護(hù)組分(H-dsilt, H-dclay),生化保護(hù)組分(NH-dsilt, NH-dclay),物理-化學(xué)保護(hù)組分(H-μsilt, H-μclay)及物理-生化保護(hù)組分(NH-μsilt, NH-μclay),探討了長(zhǎng)期不同施肥處理對(duì)水田和旱田土壤各個(gè)組分和土壤總有機(jī)碳的影響。主要研究結(jié)果如下：1.無(wú)論是水稻土還是旱田,長(zhǎng)期施用有機(jī)肥或有機(jī)無(wú)機(jī)配施均提高了土壤總有機(jī)碳、氮的含量／儲(chǔ)量,而單施化肥不影響土壤總有機(jī)碳、氮的含量／儲(chǔ)量,但是,所有施肥處理均不改變土壤碳氮比。2.土壤不同組分有機(jī)碳對(duì)施肥的響應(yīng)是不同的。不論是水稻田還是旱田,長(zhǎng)期施有機(jī)肥與化肥配施或單施有機(jī)肥均提高了土壤粗顆粒組分(cPOM)中碳含量,而對(duì)粘粒粉粒碳組分中有機(jī)碳含量影響不顯著。3.對(duì)于250μm的粗顆粒組分(cPOM),53-250μm的微團(tuán)聚體部分(μagg)和53μm的粘粒粉粒結(jié)合部分(dSilt+dClay)3種組分(按顆粒大小分級(jí))來(lái)說(shuō),水稻土中cPOM占總有機(jī)碳的比例最大,而旱地土壤中則是uagg占總有機(jī)碳的比例最大。以上結(jié)果表明,旱田和水稻田土壤有機(jī)碳的固碳機(jī)制不同,但長(zhǎng)期施肥對(duì)土壤總有機(jī)碳和不同粒級(jí)有機(jī)碳的影響在兩者之間相似的。以上研究將為評(píng)價(jià)農(nóng)田施肥管理下的土壤碳變化和提高我國(guó)農(nóng)田土壤碳儲(chǔ)量的優(yōu)化施肥管理提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Soil organic matter is the core of farmland soil fertility and is closely related to global climate change. Long-term fertilization significantly affected soil total organic carbon (TOC) content, and had different effects on soil carbon pool under different protection mechanisms. In this study, the characteristics of different carbon components in soil and their relationship with total organic carbon in soil were studied in order to provide scientific basis for the selection of soil fertility and management measures. In this paper, the paddy soil (red soil, 31 years) and upland soil (brown soil, 28 years) of different fertilization treatments were selected at the long-term location test station, and 0-20 cm soil layer samples were collected. Paddy soil consisted of five treatments: no fertilizer, (CK), (NPK), different proportion of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer (NPKM7 / 3, NPKM5 / 5, NPKM3 / 7), and dry land consisted of five treatments: no fertilizing, single application of (CK), fertilizer (N2), different proportion of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer (M1N1P1M2N2N2N2P1). Soil was divided into different protective components by physical-chemical grouping method: unprotected components (cPOM, LF), physical protection components (H-dclay), biochemical protection components (NH-dsilt, NH-dclay), physical-chemical protection components (H- 渭 silt, H- 渭 clay) and so on. The effects of long-term fertilization treatments on soil components and soil total organic carbon (TOC) in paddy field and dry field were studied by means of NH- 渭 silt (NH- 渭 clay),). The main results are as follows: 1. Both in paddy soil and dry field, long-term application of organic fertilizer or organic / inorganic fertilizer increased the content / reserve of soil total organic carbon and nitrogen, but only applied chemical fertilizer did not affect soil total organic carbon and nitrogen content / reserve, but, All fertilization treatments did not change soil C / N ratio. The response of different components of soil organic carbon to fertilization is different. Both in paddy field and dry field, long-term application of organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer or single application of organic fertilizer increased the content of carbon in soil coarse particle fraction (cPOM), but had no significant effect on the content of organic carbon in clay particle fraction. For the coarse particle fraction of 250 渭 m, (cPOM) 53-250 渭 m, the fraction of microaggregate (渭 agg) and the fraction of (dSilt dClay) of 53 渭 m, the fraction of cPOM in the total organic carbon in paddy soil was the largest (classified by particle size). In dryland soil, uagg accounted for the largest proportion of total organic carbon. The results showed that the carbon sequestration mechanisms of soil organic carbon in dry field and paddy field were different, but the effects of long-term fertilization on soil total organic carbon and different grain organic carbon were similar. The above research will provide scientific basis for evaluating soil carbon change under farmland fertilization management and optimizing fertilization management for improving cropland soil carbon storage in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S153.6

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