【摘要】：煤炭資源開發(fā)利用給人們生活以及國家發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了諸多財富,然而由此引起的對生態(tài)環(huán)境,尤其是對礦區(qū)土壤環(huán)境的破壞必須得到足夠的重視。新疆煤炭資源儲量豐富,煤炭開采極大地推動了新疆經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展,但經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的代價是越來越嚴(yán)峻的生態(tài)環(huán)境形勢。為探索新疆煤礦滅火廢棄地土壤基質(zhì)改良的科學(xué)方案,實現(xiàn)新疆煤炭可持續(xù)發(fā)展。本文選取新疆重點煤火區(qū)——呼圖壁西溝煤礦滅火區(qū)作為研究對象。通過改良前滅火廢棄地與對照山體土壤理化性質(zhì)的對比分析,得出滅火廢棄地植物生長的限制性因子。同時,通過改良前后滅火廢棄地土壤理化性質(zhì)的對比分析,確定西溝煤礦滅火廢棄地土壤基質(zhì)改良的最佳方案。主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)改良前滅火廢棄地與對照山體土壤理化性質(zhì)的對比分析,研究發(fā)現(xiàn):改良前,滅火廢棄地土壤砂化現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重;土壤含水量相對較低;土壤發(fā)生了不同程度的堿化;土壤有機質(zhì)和養(yǎng)分含量相對較低。滅火廢棄地植被修復(fù)的限制性因子有:土壤機械組成、土壤含水量、土壤p H值、土壤有機質(zhì)含量、土壤養(yǎng)分含量等,而土壤溫度、容重、比重、孔隙度等對滅火廢棄地植被恢復(fù)的影響不明顯。(2)滅火廢棄地改良前后土壤理化性質(zhì)對比分析,結(jié)果顯示:改良后,I#、II#和III#滅火廢棄地土壤理化性質(zhì)均不同程度地優(yōu)于改良前,改良效果顯著。其中,土壤砂化現(xiàn)象有所減弱,土壤粘粒和粉粒含量都較改良前高;土壤含水量雖略低于對照山體,但都高于改良前;土壤酸堿度得到了較好調(diào)整,向中性土壤轉(zhuǎn)變;土壤有機質(zhì)和養(yǎng)分含量均較改良前有不同程度的提高。分析得出本研究滅火廢棄地土壤基質(zhì)改良的最佳方案為方案21,配比為:保水劑25g·m-2,粘合劑5g·m-2,羊糞3kg·m-2,磷酸二銨60g·m-2。(3)本試驗綜合了物理和化學(xué)改良方法,充分利用了當(dāng)?shù)氐幕|(zhì)材料,降低了環(huán)境污染,減少了改良成本。但由于受多種條件的限制,本試驗方案還存在諸多不足之處。比如,具有效果好、成本低、不產(chǎn)生二次污染等的生物改良方法在以后的研究中應(yīng)當(dāng)予以重視和應(yīng)用。同時,滅火廢棄地土壤基質(zhì)改良研究工作還應(yīng)該注重因地制宜等。
[Abstract]:The exploitation and utilization of coal resources have created a lot of wealth for people's life and national development. However, the damage to the ecological environment, especially to the soil environment of mining area, must be paid enough attention to. Xinjiang is rich in coal resources, coal mining has greatly promoted the rapid development of Xinjiang's economy, but the cost of economic development is more and more severe ecological environment situation. In order to explore the scientific scheme of soil matrix improvement in coal mine fire extinguishing wasteland in Xinjiang and realize the sustainable development of coal in Xinjiang. This paper selects Hutubi Xigou coal mine fire-extinguishing area as the research object. By comparing and analyzing the physicochemical properties of the soil of the fire-extinguishing wasteland and the control mountain before the improvement, the restrictive factors of plant growth in the fire-extinguishing wasteland were obtained. At the same time, through the comparison and analysis of soil physical and chemical properties of fire extinguishing wasteland before and after improvement, the best scheme of soil matrix improvement in Xigou coal mine fire extinguishing wasteland was determined. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) comparing and analyzing the physicochemical properties of the fire-extinguishing abandoned land and the control mountain before the improvement, it is found that: before the improvement, the phenomenon of sandy soil in fire-extinguishing wasteland is serious, the soil water content is relatively low; The soil was alkalized to different degrees, and the content of organic matter and nutrient was relatively low. The limiting factors of vegetation restoration in fire-extinguishing wasteland are: soil mechanical composition, soil moisture content, soil pH value, soil organic matter content, soil nutrient content, and so on, while soil temperature, bulk density, specific gravity, etc. The effect of porosity on vegetation restoration in fire-extinguishing wasteland was not obvious. (2) soil physical and chemical properties of fire extinguishing abandoned land were compared before and after improvement. The results showed that the soil physical and chemical properties of improved I#HN II # and III# fire extinguishing wasteland were better than those of before improvement to some extent. The effect of improvement is remarkable. Among them, the phenomenon of soil sanding is weakened, the content of clay and silt is higher than that before the improvement, the soil moisture content is slightly lower than that of the control mountain body, but is higher than that before the improvement, the soil acidity and alkalinity is adjusted better and the soil changes to neutral soil. The contents of organic matter and nutrient in soil were higher than those before improvement. The results showed that the best scheme of soil matrix improvement in the fire extinguishing wasteland was 21, with the ratio of water absorbent 25g m-2, binder 5g m-2, sheep feces 3kg m-2and diammonium phosphate 60g m-2.3.The physical and chemical improvement methods were synthesized and the local matrix materials were fully utilized. Reduce the environmental pollution, reduce the cost of improvement. However, due to the limitations of various conditions, there are still many shortcomings in this scheme. For example, biological improvement methods with good effect, low cost and no secondary pollution should be paid attention to and applied in the future research. At the same time, the research work of soil matrix improvement in fire extinguishing wasteland should also pay attention to local conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S156

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本文編號：2140032