【摘要】：精準農(nóng)業(yè)是由國外學(xué)者首先提出的一種農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展模式,其目的是實現(xiàn)所謂的“farming by the inch”。精準農(nóng)業(yè)也是一種可持續(xù)發(fā)展的新思想,是世界發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)的新潮流,精準農(nóng)業(yè)的提出,對于降低農(nóng)作物耕作成本、提高農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量、保護環(huán)境有著重大的意義,其基本思想是充分的了解土壤的物理特性,針對土壤的物理特性對土壤進行精細化作業(yè)或?qū)r(nóng)作物進行精細化種植和管理。本文在精準農(nóng)業(yè)基本思想的指導(dǎo)下,設(shè)計了一種連續(xù)測量土壤機械阻力的裝置�？偨Y(jié)和分析了土壤機械阻力測量方法的研究現(xiàn)狀,闡明了研究土壤機械阻力的意義、目的,編制了本研究的技術(shù)路線;分析了影響土壤機械阻力的主要因素,包括土壤自身的質(zhì)地、結(jié)構(gòu)、土壤含水量、測量深度、速度等;研究對比現(xiàn)有測量裝置,結(jié)合本研究的實際情況,在現(xiàn)有測力裝置的基礎(chǔ)上進行改進,制作了一種連續(xù)測量裝置。通過建立測量裝置的模型,運用SolidWorks2013Simulation對測量裝置的主要受力部件—鏟刀進行了有限元分析,得到了深鏟刀的應(yīng)力分布圖、位移分析圖、應(yīng)變分析圖和安全系數(shù)圖,驗證了所設(shè)計裝置的理論安全性,保證樣機的制作和試驗時的安全。控制系統(tǒng)是基于Arduino UNO為控制中心的測量裝置數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng),將力傳感器、超聲波測距傳感器測量得到的模擬信號轉(zhuǎn)換成標準的電壓信號,并將電壓信號通過算法轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的物理測量數(shù)據(jù),測量數(shù)據(jù)存儲到存儲模塊中并實時顯示在LCD上,實現(xiàn)了實時連續(xù)測量并存儲數(shù)據(jù)的功能。測量裝置選用“S”型力傳感器,其抗干擾性強,靈敏度高,安全可靠。Arduino UNO可以根據(jù)實際需要擴展任意多個控制器,可與其它傳感器實現(xiàn)更多的功能和更高的集成度。借助Proteus仿真軟件對測量裝置進行了仿真試驗,其仿真結(jié)果與硬件實物連接后所測量的結(jié)果一致。將控制系統(tǒng)安裝在制作的樣機上,進行標定試驗并分析試驗結(jié)果,得到標定方程,并對標定方程的相關(guān)特性進行了評價,標定方程的線性較好,重復(fù)性較高。樣機進行了土槽試驗,將試驗結(jié)果進行了數(shù)據(jù)處理,繪制出了各個試驗的土壤機械阻力圖;通過土壤堅實度計對連續(xù)測量裝置的測量結(jié)果進行分析和對比,對試驗結(jié)果進行了顯著性分析,試驗結(jié)果的顯著性較高,驗證了本設(shè)計中的連續(xù)測量裝置可以評價土壤的堅實度水平。
[Abstract]:Precision agriculture is a kind of agricultural development model first put forward by foreign scholars. Its purpose is to realize the so-called "farming by the inch". Precision agriculture is also a new idea of sustainable development and a new trend of developing agriculture in the world. It is of great significance to reduce the cost of crop cultivation, increase crop yield and protect the environment. The basic idea is to fully understand the physical properties of the soil, according to the physical properties of the soil to fine the soil or to fine planting and management of crops. Under the guidance of the basic idea of precision agriculture, a continuous measuring device of soil mechanical resistance was designed in this paper. This paper summarizes and analyzes the present research situation of soil mechanical resistance measurement method, clarifies the significance and purpose of studying soil mechanical resistance, compiles the technical route of this study, and analyzes the main factors affecting soil mechanical resistance. Including soil texture, structure, soil moisture content, measurement depth, speed and so on; research and comparison of existing measuring devices, combined with the actual situation of this study, on the basis of the existing force measuring devices to improve, A continuous measuring device is made. By establishing the model of the measuring device, the finite element analysis of the blade, the main force component of the measuring device, is carried out by using SolidWorks2013Simulation. The stress distribution diagram, the displacement analysis diagram, the strain analysis diagram and the safety factor diagram of the deep scraper are obtained. The theoretical safety of the designed device is verified to ensure the safety of prototype making and testing. The control system is a data acquisition system based on Arduino UNO, which converts the analog signal from the force sensor and the ultrasonic ranging sensor into the standard voltage signal. The voltage signal is converted into the corresponding physical measurement data by the algorithm, and the measurement data is stored in the storage module and displayed on the LCD in real time. The function of real-time continuous measurement and data storage is realized. The measuring device adopts "S" force sensor, which has strong anti-interference, high sensitivity, safety and reliability. Arduino UNO can expand any number of controllers according to the actual needs, and can achieve more functions and higher integration with other sensors. The Proteus simulation software is used to simulate the measuring device. The simulation results are consistent with those measured after the hardware connection. The control system is installed on the prototype, the calibration test is carried out and the test results are analyzed, and the calibration equation is obtained. The related characteristics of the calibration equation are evaluated. The calibration equation is linear and reproducible. The prototype has carried on the soil trough test, carried on the data processing to the test result, drew the soil mechanical resistance chart of each test, analyzed and compared the measurement result of the continuous measuring device through the soil solidity meter, The significance of the test results was analyzed and the significance of the test results was high. It was verified that the continuous measuring device in this design could evaluate the soil solidity level.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S152.9

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本文編號：2139726