麗蚜小蜂Encarsia formosa對煙粉虱的寄生選擇性研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-17 20:45
【摘要】：麗蚜小蜂Encarsia formosa(Gahan)是防治粉虱類害蟲最常用的寄生蜂之一。隨著目前我國煙粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)的生物型(或隱種)的演替,Q煙粉虱已經(jīng)成為我國大部分地區(qū)的優(yōu)勢為害生物型。Q煙粉虱的寄主適應(yīng)性廣,危害性更嚴(yán)重,加上傳播植物病毒的能力更強,抗藥性也更高,因此該蟲的防治(尤其是化學(xué)防治)面臨著嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。單一的化學(xué)防治已無法持久有效控制煙粉虱種群,而生物防治則是未來最有發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ目沙掷m(xù)防治措施之一。目前麗蚜小蜂防治Q煙粉虱及雙生病毒對麗蚜小蜂寄生煙粉虱的影響尚未見研究。因此,本研究中,首先研究了麗蚜小蜂對不同寄主植株上Q煙粉虱寄生特性;然后通過Y型嗅覺反應(yīng)實驗,研究了麗蚜小蜂對B、Q煙粉虱的氣味選擇性,并初步探索了番茄感染TYLCV后,對麗蚜小蜂對B、Q煙粉虱氣味選擇的影響;最后通過罩籠實驗,模擬田間釋放麗蚜小蜂對B、Q煙粉虱的寄主選擇性和控制效果。研究結(jié)果可為田間釋放麗蚜小蜂防治煙粉虱提供科學(xué)依據(jù)和理論指導(dǎo),也可進一步豐富和推動寄主植物-煙粉虱-天敵昆蟲之間互作關(guān)系的發(fā)展。一、麗蚜小蜂對不同寄主植株上Q煙粉虱的寄生特性為了明確麗蚜小蜂對不同寄主植物上Q煙粉虱的寄生特性,采用微蟲籠法在26±1℃、相對濕度、光周期(L:D=16h:8h)的條件下測定了麗蚜小蜂對5種寄主植物上Q煙粉虱的寄生及生長發(fā)育特性。結(jié)果表明:麗蚜小蜂對辣椒和茄子上煙粉虱三齡若蟲的寄生率分別為28.49%和26.85%,顯著高于番茄(17.62%)和一品紅(16.36%),棉花上居中(21.25%);對寄主煙粉虱的致死率與寄生率趨勢一致,從高到低的順序為:茄子(40.41%)辣椒(37.63%)棉花(33.82%)番茄(26.52%)一品紅(18.49%)。麗蚜小蜂在5種寄主植物上的發(fā)育歷期分別為14.16 d(辣椒)、14.53 d(番茄)、16.54 d(棉花)、16.34 d(茄子)和16.89 d(一品紅),其中,在辣椒和番茄上時,麗蚜小蜂的發(fā)育歷期顯著短于其余三種寄主植物。麗蚜小蜂的壽命在煙粉虱不同寄主植物間差異顯著,棉花(17.00 d)、一品紅(9.60 d)上顯著高于其他三種寄主。但麗蚜小蜂的羽化率在供試5種寄主植物間不存在顯著差異。表明寄主植物影響了麗蚜小蜂對Q煙粉虱的寄生特性,以辣椒和茄子上對煙粉虱的寄生致死率更高。研究結(jié)果可為田間生物防治Q煙粉虱提供科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)及理論依據(jù)。二、麗蚜小蜂對煙粉虱不同生物型的選擇性通過嗅覺反應(yīng)實驗,測定了麗蚜小蜂初羽化雌蜂對健康番茄上的不同齡期B、Q煙粉虱的選擇性。結(jié)果表明,從帶蟲番茄植株與對照無蟲的健康番茄植株氣味組合中,麗蚜小蜂顯著選擇帶蟲番茄植株,在B和Q煙粉虱氣味組合中,麗蚜小蜂傾向于選擇帶有B煙粉虱的番茄植株,并在2齡若蟲期時差異達(dá)顯著水平。說明帶有煙粉虱的番茄植株更有利于麗蚜小蜂的寄主定位,攜帶B煙粉虱的番茄植株對小蜂的引誘能力高于攜帶Q的健康番茄植株。三、番茄攜帶雙生病毒對麗蚜小蜂選擇煙粉虱的影響通過嗅覺反應(yīng)實驗,測定了麗蚜小蜂對攜帶TYLCV病毒的番茄植株上不同齡期BQ煙粉虱的選擇性。結(jié)果表明,麗蚜小蜂在帶蟲帶毒番茄植株vs對照健康不帶蟲番茄植株氣味組合之間沒有顯著選擇性,說明了TYLCV病毒可能在某種程度上抑制了由煙粉虱侵害后誘導(dǎo)番茄產(chǎn)生的有利于麗蚜小蜂進行寄主定位的揮發(fā)性化學(xué)信息物質(zhì)。就不同齡期來看,在帶B煙粉虱的帶毒番茄vs帶Q煙粉虱帶毒番茄的氣味組合之間,在煙粉虱處于卵期及1~3齡若蟲期時,麗蚜小蜂也對Q煙粉虱的選擇性高于B煙粉虱,但未表現(xiàn)出顯著性差異;而當(dāng)煙粉虱若蟲處于4齡期時,麗蚜小蜂表現(xiàn)出對帶毒番茄Q煙粉虱4齡若蟲期的明顯選擇性,差異極顯著高于帶毒B煙粉虱組合,說明了番茄攜帶TYLCV影響了麗蚜小蜂對煙粉虱若蟲的選擇性,這種影響隨煙粉虱不同齡期而存在差異。四、罩籠試驗研究麗蚜小蜂對煙粉虱B、Q共存時的寄生率采用罩籠實驗?zāi)M田間煙粉虱B和Q共存時,研究麗蚜小蜂分別對健康和帶毒番茄上B、Q煙粉虱3齡若蟲的選擇性。結(jié)果顯示,在健康番茄上,麗蚜小蜂對B煙粉虱的寄生率和致死率均高于對Q煙粉虱的選擇性;而在攜帶TYLCV的番茄植株上,麗蚜小蜂對Q煙粉虱的寄生率和致死率均有所提高,但與B煙粉虱的寄生率和致死率之間差異不顯著。說明番茄感染病毒后,麗蚜小蜂從對B煙粉虱的寄生偏好轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷煙粉虱的寄生致死率提高,該結(jié)果與以上嗅覺反應(yīng)相一致,說明了TYLCV病毒在一定程度上改變了麗蚜小蜂對煙粉虱B和Q的選擇性。
[Abstract]:Encarsia Formosa (Gahan) is one of the most commonly used parasitic wasps for the control of whitefly insect pests. With the current succession of the biotype (or hidden species) of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in China, Q has become the Dominant Pest in most areas of our country for the host adaptability of the biotype.Q Bemisia tabaci, which is more dangerous and more harmful. The ability to spread plant viruses is stronger and resistance is higher, so the pest control (especially chemical control) is facing severe challenges. Single chemical control has been unable to effectively control the population of Bemisia tabaci, and biological control is one of the most potential sustainable control measures in the future. At present, the aphis Aphis wasp prevention and control of Q tobacco whitefly and The effects of the double biovirus on the parasitic whitefly parasitic whitefly of the aphis Aphis were not studied. In this study, the parasitic characteristics of Q on different host plants were studied in this study. Then, through the Y olfactory reaction experiment, the selection of the odour selection of the aphis Aphis and the B, Q tabaci was studied, and the initial exploration of the tomato infected TYLCV to the aphid The effect of the wasp on the odor selection of B, Q Bemisia tabaci was studied. Finally, the host selectivity and control effect of the field release of the aphis Aphis (B, Q) was simulated by the cage experiment. The results could provide scientific basis and theoretical guidance for the release of the aphis Aphis L. in the field, and further enrich and promote the host plant - the Bemisia tabaci - natural enemy. The parasitic characteristics of Q tabaci on different host plants in order to make clear the parasitism characteristics of Q whitefly on different host plants by the aphis Aphis wasp, using the micro insect cage method at 26 + 1 centigrade, relative humidity, and photoperiod (L:D=16h:8h) was used to determine the Q tobacco powder on 5 host plants. The parasitism and growth characteristics of lice showed that the parasitism rate of three nymphs of capsicum and eggplant was 28.49% and 26.85% respectively, which was significantly higher than that of tomatoes (17.62%) and poinsettia (16.36%), and cotton was in the middle (21.25%), and the mortality rate of the host plant was consistent with the parasitic rate, and the order from high to low was eggplant (40.). 41%) chili (37.63%) cotton (33.82%) tomatoes (26.52%) Poinsettia (18.49%). The developmental duration of the aphis Aphis wasps on 5 host plants were 14.16 D (Chili), 14.53 D (tomato), 16.54 D (cotton), 16.34 D (eggplant) and 16.89 D (Poinsettia), among which, the development duration of the aphis Aphis wasp was significantly shorter than that of the other three species. The life span of the aphis Aphis was significantly different among the different host plants of the whitefly. The cotton (17 d) and the poinsettia (9.60 d) were significantly higher than the other three hosts. However, the emergence rate of the aphis Aphis was not significantly different between the 5 host plants. The host plant affected the parasitic characteristics of the aphis Aphis Q and the chili and eggplant. The result of the parasitism was higher in the seed on the tobacco whitefly. The results could provide a scientific basis and theoretical basis for the field biological control of Q. Two, the selectivity of the aphis Aphis wasp on the different ages of B and Q was determined by the olfactory reaction experiment of different biotypes of Bemisia tabaci. The results showed that the aphis Aphis wasp selected the tomato plants significantly from the combination of the tomato plant with the control and the control without the insect. In the combination of B and Q, the aphis Aphis wasp tended to select the tomato plants with B, and the difference reached a significant level in the 2 instar period. The plants were more beneficial to the host location of the aphis aphis, and the tomato plants carrying B tobacco were higher than that of the healthy tomato plants carrying Q. Three, the effect of the double biovirus on the selection of the white Aphis Aphis lice on the selection of the whitefly was determined by the olfactory reaction experiment. The different age BQ of the tomato plants carrying the TYLCV virus was determined by the olfactory reaction experiment. The results showed that there was no significant selectivity between the vs control and the tomato plant odor combination with the parasitoid tomato plants, indicating that the TYLCV virus could inhibit the volatiification of the host location of the aphis Aphis to a certain extent by inhibiting the induction of the tomato by the Bemisia tabaci. Learning information material. In different ages, between the poisonous tomato vs with B and Q of the poisonous tomatoes with Q, the selectivity of the aphis Aphis was higher than that of B, but did not show significant difference, but when the nymph of the whitefly was at the age of 4, the aphid was small. The difference was significantly higher in the 4 instar nymph stages of the poisonous tomato Q. The difference was significantly higher than that of the poisonous B whitefly. It showed that the tomato carrying TYLCV influenced the selectivity of the nymphs of the aphis APHIS. The effect was different with the different age of the tobacco whitefly. Four. The cage test studied the coexistence of the aphis Aphis L. to the B and Q of the whitefly. The parasitism rate of B and Q in the field was simulated by the cage experiment. The results showed that the parasitic rate and death rate of the aphis Aphis L. on the healthy tomatoes were higher than that of the Q tobacco whitefly. The results showed that on healthy tomatoes, the parasitic rate and death rate of the aphis Aphis L. to B were higher than that of the Q B. On the plant, the parasitic and lethality rates of Q were improved, but there was no significant difference between the parasitism rate and the mortality rate of B, indicating that the parasitic preference of the aphis Aphis was increased from the parasitic preference of B to Q, which was consistent with the olfactory response. It is clear that TYLCV virus has changed the selectivity of B to Q and Bemisia tabaci to some extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S433;S476.3
本文編號：2130886
[Abstract]:Encarsia Formosa (Gahan) is one of the most commonly used parasitic wasps for the control of whitefly insect pests. With the current succession of the biotype (or hidden species) of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in China, Q has become the Dominant Pest in most areas of our country for the host adaptability of the biotype.Q Bemisia tabaci, which is more dangerous and more harmful. The ability to spread plant viruses is stronger and resistance is higher, so the pest control (especially chemical control) is facing severe challenges. Single chemical control has been unable to effectively control the population of Bemisia tabaci, and biological control is one of the most potential sustainable control measures in the future. At present, the aphis Aphis wasp prevention and control of Q tobacco whitefly and The effects of the double biovirus on the parasitic whitefly parasitic whitefly of the aphis Aphis were not studied. In this study, the parasitic characteristics of Q on different host plants were studied in this study. Then, through the Y olfactory reaction experiment, the selection of the odour selection of the aphis Aphis and the B, Q tabaci was studied, and the initial exploration of the tomato infected TYLCV to the aphid The effect of the wasp on the odor selection of B, Q Bemisia tabaci was studied. Finally, the host selectivity and control effect of the field release of the aphis Aphis (B, Q) was simulated by the cage experiment. The results could provide scientific basis and theoretical guidance for the release of the aphis Aphis L. in the field, and further enrich and promote the host plant - the Bemisia tabaci - natural enemy. The parasitic characteristics of Q tabaci on different host plants in order to make clear the parasitism characteristics of Q whitefly on different host plants by the aphis Aphis wasp, using the micro insect cage method at 26 + 1 centigrade, relative humidity, and photoperiod (L:D=16h:8h) was used to determine the Q tobacco powder on 5 host plants. The parasitism and growth characteristics of lice showed that the parasitism rate of three nymphs of capsicum and eggplant was 28.49% and 26.85% respectively, which was significantly higher than that of tomatoes (17.62%) and poinsettia (16.36%), and cotton was in the middle (21.25%), and the mortality rate of the host plant was consistent with the parasitic rate, and the order from high to low was eggplant (40.). 41%) chili (37.63%) cotton (33.82%) tomatoes (26.52%) Poinsettia (18.49%). The developmental duration of the aphis Aphis wasps on 5 host plants were 14.16 D (Chili), 14.53 D (tomato), 16.54 D (cotton), 16.34 D (eggplant) and 16.89 D (Poinsettia), among which, the development duration of the aphis Aphis wasp was significantly shorter than that of the other three species. The life span of the aphis Aphis was significantly different among the different host plants of the whitefly. The cotton (17 d) and the poinsettia (9.60 d) were significantly higher than the other three hosts. However, the emergence rate of the aphis Aphis was not significantly different between the 5 host plants. The host plant affected the parasitic characteristics of the aphis Aphis Q and the chili and eggplant. The result of the parasitism was higher in the seed on the tobacco whitefly. The results could provide a scientific basis and theoretical basis for the field biological control of Q. Two, the selectivity of the aphis Aphis wasp on the different ages of B and Q was determined by the olfactory reaction experiment of different biotypes of Bemisia tabaci. The results showed that the aphis Aphis wasp selected the tomato plants significantly from the combination of the tomato plant with the control and the control without the insect. In the combination of B and Q, the aphis Aphis wasp tended to select the tomato plants with B, and the difference reached a significant level in the 2 instar period. The plants were more beneficial to the host location of the aphis aphis, and the tomato plants carrying B tobacco were higher than that of the healthy tomato plants carrying Q. Three, the effect of the double biovirus on the selection of the white Aphis Aphis lice on the selection of the whitefly was determined by the olfactory reaction experiment. The different age BQ of the tomato plants carrying the TYLCV virus was determined by the olfactory reaction experiment. The results showed that there was no significant selectivity between the vs control and the tomato plant odor combination with the parasitoid tomato plants, indicating that the TYLCV virus could inhibit the volatiification of the host location of the aphis Aphis to a certain extent by inhibiting the induction of the tomato by the Bemisia tabaci. Learning information material. In different ages, between the poisonous tomato vs with B and Q of the poisonous tomatoes with Q, the selectivity of the aphis Aphis was higher than that of B, but did not show significant difference, but when the nymph of the whitefly was at the age of 4, the aphid was small. The difference was significantly higher in the 4 instar nymph stages of the poisonous tomato Q. The difference was significantly higher than that of the poisonous B whitefly. It showed that the tomato carrying TYLCV influenced the selectivity of the nymphs of the aphis APHIS. The effect was different with the different age of the tobacco whitefly. Four. The cage test studied the coexistence of the aphis Aphis L. to the B and Q of the whitefly. The parasitism rate of B and Q in the field was simulated by the cage experiment. The results showed that the parasitic rate and death rate of the aphis Aphis L. on the healthy tomatoes were higher than that of the Q tobacco whitefly. The results showed that on healthy tomatoes, the parasitic rate and death rate of the aphis Aphis L. to B were higher than that of the Q B. On the plant, the parasitic and lethality rates of Q were improved, but there was no significant difference between the parasitism rate and the mortality rate of B, indicating that the parasitic preference of the aphis Aphis was increased from the parasitic preference of B to Q, which was consistent with the olfactory response. It is clear that TYLCV virus has changed the selectivity of B to Q and Bemisia tabaci to some extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S433;S476.3
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)會議論文 前1條
1 陳宗懋;許寧;;茶樹釋放的揮發(fā)性互利素是一種間接抗蟲機制[A];海峽兩岸茶葉科技學(xué)術(shù)研討會論文集[C];2000年
，本文編號：2130886
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