【摘要】：土壤緊實度，又叫土壤硬度或者土壤穿透阻力，是土壤抵抗外力的壓實和破碎的能力。普遍采用貫入法進行測定，將測量針勻速地壓入土壤，用測量針壓入土壤時的壓強表示（單位為Pa）。緊實度是土壤重要的物理特性，它通過影響土壤的通氣性、透水性、養(yǎng)分的形態(tài)及其轉化，直接或間接地決定土壤中的孔隙、肥、水、熱、氣等狀況，對作物根系對土壤中養(yǎng)分和水分的吸收利用造成影響，關系著農(nóng)作物的生長發(fā)育乃至最終的產(chǎn)量。因此，土壤緊度的測量及其應用一直是相關學術領域的關注重點。長期以來,人們對土壤緊實度的研究做了不少的工作，但是土壤緊實度與土壤其它理化性狀的關系并沒有完全搞清，各種作物生長的最適宜土壤緊實度范圍是很模糊的�？梢哉f在此基礎上所采取的一些耕作措施，在一定程度上是盲目的。因此,探討土壤緊實度問題,對于合理安排耕作栽培措施，達到省工、省時、高產(chǎn)、高效的目的有著十分重要的意義。而國內(nèi)外生產(chǎn)的土壤緊實度計都是單針的、手動操作的，不便于研究播種行緊實度的分布；國外研究的車載式多探針微貫入土壤緊實度測量系統(tǒng)，未結合播種行的輪廓進行分析，并且與手動操作的測量裝置相同的是，采用液壓系統(tǒng)控制，將測量針壓入土壤的速度并不能保持勻速。本文旨在開發(fā)一套測量播種行截面上土壤緊實度分布的系統(tǒng)，采用電機控制，既能精確測量播種行的輪廓，又能測量該輪廓的土壤緊實度的分布，以便于相關領域的學者對播種行土壤緊實度分布對作物生產(chǎn)的影響進行研究和評價。 論文主要研究內(nèi)容包括: 1、分析了國內(nèi)外對土壤緊實度測量的研究情況，掌握了土壤緊實度分布測量研究方法，講述了土壤緊實度分布的重要性及意義； 2、通過對國內(nèi)外土壤緊實度測量方法的深入分析，制定了結合播種行輪廓研究土壤緊實度分布的總體設計方案； 3、完成播種行輪廓測量模塊和播種行土壤緊實度分布測量模塊的方案設計，對于控制模塊，用PLC作為控制器并進行二次開發(fā)，在上位機編寫了基于C#的人機交互界面，實現(xiàn)對傳感器數(shù)據(jù)的采集、處理和存儲以及與下位機的PLC通信以控制系統(tǒng)運轉； 4、利用播種行土壤緊實度測量系統(tǒng)在室內(nèi)進行測試實驗，結合測量的土壤緊實度和播種行輪廓完成土壤緊實度分布的繪制，并將經(jīng)過處理的數(shù)據(jù)保存到指定文件中，長期存儲。
[Abstract]:Soil compactness, also known as soil hardness or soil penetration resistance, is the ability of soil to resist external forces. The penetration method is widely used to measure the pressure of the measuring needle into the soil at a uniform rate, and the pressure (Pa) is expressed by the pressure when the measuring needle is pressed into the soil. Compactness is an important physical property of soil. It directly or indirectly determines the porosity, fertilizer, water, heat, gas and so on of soil by influencing soil aeration, permeability, nutrient form and its transformation. The effects of crop roots on the absorption and utilization of soil nutrients and water are related to the growth and development of crops and even the final yield. Therefore, the measurement of soil compactness and its application have been the focus of academic research. For a long time, people have done a lot of work on soil compactness, but the relationship between soil compactness and other physical and chemical properties of soil has not been fully understood, and the optimum range of soil compactness for various crops is very fuzzy. It can be said that some farming measures taken on this basis are blind to some extent. Therefore, the discussion of soil compactness is of great significance for rational arrangement of cultivation and cultivation measures to achieve the goal of saving labor, time, high yield and high efficiency. The soil compactness meter produced at home and abroad is single needle, manual operation, which is not convenient to study the distribution of sowing row compactness. The profile of the seeding row was not analyzed and, as with the manually operated measuring device, the velocity of the measuring needle pressed into the soil could not be kept constant using hydraulic system control. The purpose of this paper is to develop a system for measuring the distribution of soil compactness on the section of seeding row. By using motor control, the profile of seeding row and the distribution of soil compactness of this profile can be measured accurately. It is convenient for scholars in relevant fields to study and evaluate the effects of soil compactness distribution on crop production. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The research situation of soil compactness measurement at home and abroad is analyzed, the measuring method of soil compactness distribution is mastered, and the importance and significance of soil compactness distribution are described. 2. Based on the deep analysis of soil compactness measurement methods at home and abroad, the overall design scheme of soil compactness distribution was established by combining with seeding row profile. 3. The scheme design of the measuring module of the profile of seeding row and the measuring module of soil compactness distribution of seeding row is completed. For the control module, PLC is used as the controller and the secondary development is carried out. The man-machine interface based on C # is written in the upper computer to realize the acquisition, processing and storage of sensor data and PLC communication with the lower computer to control the operation of the system. 4. The soil compactness distribution is drawn with the measured soil compactness and the profile of the seeding row, and the processed data is saved to the designated file, and the soil compactness measurement system is used to test and test the soil compactness in the laboratory, combining the measured soil compactness and the profile of the seeding row. Long term storage.
【學位授予單位】：太原理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S152;TP274

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 賀明榮,王振林;土壤緊實度變化對小麥籽粒產(chǎn)量和品質的影響[J];西北植物學報;2004年04期

2 田鋼,石戰(zhàn)結,Don.W.Steeples;多道面波分析方法在測量土壤壓實度方面的應用研究[J];地球物理學進展;2003年03期

3 高煥W，

本文編號：2124212