不同馬尾松群落類型的年凋落變化及松針分解過程研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-14 10:52
【摘要】：馬尾松(Pinus massoniana)是我國南方的主要造林樹種,它分布廣、適應(yīng)強(qiáng)、生長快,在林業(yè)建設(shè)中有著極其重要的地位。通過對不同馬尾松群落類型的年凋落變化及松針分解過程的研究,可以更好地了解馬尾松林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)養(yǎng)分循環(huán)過程,為科學(xué)經(jīng)營馬尾松林和維持立地的長期生產(chǎn)力提供有力支撐。本文采用長期定點(diǎn)監(jiān)測的方法對三種不同密度的馬尾松人工純林的年凋落變化及松針分解過程、對三種不同群落類型的馬尾松林松針分解過程以及對多因子調(diào)控狀態(tài)下松針分解試驗(yàn)展開研究。在不同林分密度馬尾松純林中布置凋落物收集網(wǎng)和凋落物分解袋,連續(xù)收集凋落物一年并分析凋落物量的季節(jié)變化規(guī)律,連續(xù)回收凋落物分解袋18個(gè)月并分析其干重及養(yǎng)分含量變化;在不同林分組成馬尾松群落中布置凋落物分解袋并連續(xù)收集一年,分析其干重及養(yǎng)分含量變化;設(shè)置4因子3水平正交試驗(yàn)對松針分解進(jìn)行調(diào)控,分析其分解速率變化。應(yīng)用Excel及SPSS等數(shù)據(jù)處理軟件對凋落物量及養(yǎng)分含量等進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,研究結(jié)果表明:(1)中密度林分年凋落量最大,約為4.51t/hm2,明顯大于低、高密度林分,差異顯著(P0.05),低密度林分與高密度林分間差異不顯著;各月凋落量存在明顯差異,秋季凋落量最大;凋落物各組分中,松針?biāo)急壤畲?占70%以上;凋落松針中各養(yǎng)分濃度有明顯的季節(jié)變化,最大季與最小季之間差異顯著(P0.05);各養(yǎng)分年歸還量在不同密度間的變化與年凋落物量變化一致,均是中密度最大、低、高密度較小且差別不大;各養(yǎng)分歸還量存在明顯的季節(jié)變化,均是秋季最大、夏季次之、冬春兩季較小且差別不大,最大季與與最小季之間差異顯著(P0.05)。(2)不同密度馬尾松人工純林松針前期分解極慢,這與前人研究結(jié)果有異,因?yàn)楸狙芯坎贾梅纸獯鼤r(shí)清除了林地表層凋落物及半分解層,切斷了松針與微生物之間的聯(lián)系,土壤微生物與松針之間需重新構(gòu)建起生物聯(lián)系,故分解一段時(shí)間后松針分解速率迅速增大;夏秋兩季松針分解較快,經(jīng)過18個(gè)月的分解,3種密度林分松針失重率分別為40.15%、47.85%和43.5%;馬尾松人工純林松針分解速率及分解周期均隨密度的變化而發(fā)生改變,3種密度林分松針分解速率分別為0.342、0.434、0.381,兩兩之間差異顯著,中密度(6號林)分解速度最快,說明在一定范圍內(nèi),馬尾松人工林密度的增大可加快凋落物的分解,但大到一定程度時(shí),又會(huì)制約凋落物的分解,故在馬尾松人工林的經(jīng)營當(dāng)中合理地規(guī)劃林分密度能有效地加快其凋落物的分解,更好地促進(jìn)林地的養(yǎng)分循環(huán);3種密度林分松針分解的半衰期分別為2.0a、1.6a、1.8a,周轉(zhuǎn)期分別為8.8a、6.9a、7.9a,半衰期與周轉(zhuǎn)期均達(dá)顯著性差異水平。(3)3種類型林分松針開始分解最快,其后逐漸減緩,經(jīng)過1a的分解,3種類型失重率分別為45.70%、52.50%和48.10%,分解速率分別為0.611、0.744和0.656,兩兩之間差異顯著,馬尾松天然次生林分解最快,其次是馬尾松-馬褂木針闊混交林,馬尾松人工純林分解最慢,這與林分生物多樣性有關(guān),3種類型林分物種豐富度指數(shù)分別為4.12、4.34和3.69,以天然次生林最大,物種多樣性越豐富,尤其是灌狀闊葉樹越豐富,林下土壤微生物種類及數(shù)量越多,凋落物分解越快,說明在馬尾松人工純林中適當(dāng)補(bǔ)植灌狀闊葉樹,可在不改變當(dāng)前經(jīng)營方式的情況下,加快林地養(yǎng)分循環(huán)速度,提高馬尾松林地生產(chǎn)力;3種類型林分松針分解半衰期分別為1.1a、0.9a、1.1a,周轉(zhuǎn)期分別為4.9a、4.0a、4.6a,周轉(zhuǎn)期達(dá)顯著性差異水平。(4)松針分解過程中,各元素含量在不斷地發(fā)生著變化,但兩種不同層次的松針分解試驗(yàn)各養(yǎng)分元素的釋放動(dòng)態(tài)相似,C表現(xiàn)為直接釋放模式,K、Ca、Mg等元素表現(xiàn)為淋溶-釋放模式,N、P、Mn、Cu等元素則表現(xiàn)為富集-釋放模式;Fe、Zn略有差異,不同密度試驗(yàn)中表現(xiàn)為富集-釋放模式,而不同類型試驗(yàn)中則為淋溶-富集-釋放模式,這與布置試驗(yàn)時(shí)間及林分組成差異有關(guān),布置試驗(yàn)時(shí)間不同,氣溫及降雨量均有所差異,導(dǎo)致元素釋放動(dòng)態(tài)的不同,林分組成不同,則會(huì)導(dǎo)致微生物結(jié)構(gòu)不同進(jìn)而引起元素釋放規(guī)律的差異。(5)在4種因子中,菌劑因子與有機(jī)物能顯著影響松針的分解,表面活性劑及C/N則影響不顯著,故菌劑與有機(jī)物為影響松針分解的主要因子,而表面活性劑及C/N則為次要因子;通過對各因子最優(yōu)水平的選取,可知A3D2 B1C3即接種腐解劑2(復(fù)合菌)、添加雞糞、不用表面活性劑處理、噴施葡萄糖—NH4Cl混合溶液是調(diào)控松針分解的最優(yōu)處理組合。
[Abstract]:Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) is the main afforestation tree species in the south of China. It has a wide distribution, strong adaptability and fast growth. It has a very important position in the forestry construction. Through the study of the annual litter change and pine needle decomposition process of different types of Masson pine community, it can better understand the nutrient cycling process of the ecological system of the Pinus massoniana forest ecosystem. A long-term fixed-point monitoring method was used to study the annual litter change and pine needle decomposition process of three different densities of Pinus massoniana plantation, the pine needles decomposition process of three different community types and the pine needles under the condition of multi factor regulation. The litter collection net and litter decomposition bag were arranged in the pure forest of Pinus massoniana in different stand density. The litter was collected continuously for one year and the seasonal variation of litter volume was analyzed. The litter decomposition bag was continuously recovered for 18 months, and the dry weight and nutrient content of the litter were analyzed. The litter decomposition bag was collected for one year, and the changes of dry weight and nutrient content were analyzed. The decomposition of pine needles was regulated by 4 factor 3 level orthogonal test, and the change of decomposition rate was analyzed. The litter volume and nutrient content were analyzed with Excel and SPSS data processing software. The results showed: (1) middle density forest year The litter size was the largest, about 4.51t/hm2, obviously greater than low, high density stand, significant difference (P0.05), and there was no significant difference between the low density stand and the high density stand. There was a significant difference between the low density stand and the high density stand, and the litterfall was the largest in the fall, and the pine needles accounted for the largest proportion of the litter in the litter, and the nutrient concentration in the pine needles had a distinct season. The difference between the maximum and the minimum seasons was significant (P0.05). The changes in the annual return of nutrients in different densities were the same as that of the annual litter, which were the largest, low, high density and little difference, and there were obvious seasonal variations of the nutrient return, which were the largest in autumn, in summer and in the two quarter of winter and spring. The difference between the maximum and the minimum seasons was significant (P0.05). (2) the decomposition of pine needles in the artificial pure forest of Pinus massoniana was very slow, which was different from those of previous studies, because the decomposition bag cleared the surface litter and the semi decomposition layer, cut off the relationship between the pine needles and the microbes, soil microbes and pine needles. The decomposition rate of pine needles increased rapidly after a period of decomposition, and the decomposition rate of pine needles in the two quarter of summer and autumn was faster. After 18 months of decomposition, the weight loss rates of pine needles were 40.15%, 47.85% and 43.5%, respectively, and the decomposition rate and decomposition period of pine needles in Pinus massoniana plantation were all changed with the change of density, 3 The decomposition rate of pine needles in the density stand is 0.342,0.434,0.381, the difference between 22 and the medium density (No. 6 forest) is the fastest. It shows that the increase of the density of Pinus massoniana plantation can accelerate the decomposition of the litter, but it will restrict the decomposition of the litter in a certain degree, so the management of the Pinus massoniana Plantation The rational planning of the stand density can effectively accelerate the decomposition of litter and promote the nutrient cycling of the woodland. The half-life of the 3 density stand is 2.0A, 1.6A, 1.8A, respectively 8.8a, 6.9a, 7.9a, half life and turnover period. (3) the 3 types of pine needles begin to decompose the fastest. Then gradually slow down, after 1A decomposition, the 3 types of weightlessness were 45.70%, 52.50% and 48.10% respectively, the decomposition rates were 0.611,0.744 and 0.656 respectively. The difference between the 22 and the natural secondary forests of Masson pine was the fastest, followed by Pinus massoniana, Liriodendron and broad-leaved mixed forest and the slowest decomposition of Pinus massoniana plantation. The 3 types of forest species richness index were 4.12,4.34 and 3.69 respectively, which were the largest in natural secondary forests. The more species diversity was, the more rich the shrub broad-leaved trees were, the more species and quantity of soil microbes and the faster the decomposition of litter, which indicated that the appropriate replanting of shrub broad-leaved trees in the pure forest of Masson Pine people could not change when they were planted. In the case of pre operation, the nutrient cycling speed of woodland was accelerated and the productivity of Pinus massoniana woodland was increased. The half-life of 3 types of pine needles was 1.1a, 0.9A, 1.1a respectively, and the turnover period was 4.9a, 4.0a, 4.6a, respectively. (4) in the process of pine needles, the contents of each element were constantly changing, but two kinds of different kinds were not. The release dynamics of nutrient elements in the same level of pine needle decomposition test were similar, C showed direct release mode, K, Ca, Mg and other elements showed leaching release mode, N, P, Mn, Cu and other elements showed enrichment release mode; Fe, Zn slightly different, the concentration release mode was shown in different density tests, and the different types of experiments were leaching rich. The set release mode is related to the difference in the time and the composition of the stand, the arrangement of the test time is different, the temperature and the rainfall are different, which lead to the difference in the dynamics of the element release and the difference in the composition of the stand, which will lead to the difference of the microorganism structure and the difference of the rule of the element release. (5) among the 4 factors, the microbial factor and the organic matter It can significantly affect the decomposition of pine needles, and the influence of surfactant and C/N is not significant. Therefore, bacteria and organic substances are the main factors affecting the decomposition of pine needles, while surface active agents and C/N are secondary factors. Through the selection of the optimal levels of each factor, A3D2 B1C3 is inoculated with decomposing agent 2 (compound bacteria), chicken manure is added, and surfactants are not treated with surfactants. Spraying glucose - NH4Cl mixed solution is the best combination to control pine needles decomposition.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S714
本文編號：2121413
[Abstract]:Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) is the main afforestation tree species in the south of China. It has a wide distribution, strong adaptability and fast growth. It has a very important position in the forestry construction. Through the study of the annual litter change and pine needle decomposition process of different types of Masson pine community, it can better understand the nutrient cycling process of the ecological system of the Pinus massoniana forest ecosystem. A long-term fixed-point monitoring method was used to study the annual litter change and pine needle decomposition process of three different densities of Pinus massoniana plantation, the pine needles decomposition process of three different community types and the pine needles under the condition of multi factor regulation. The litter collection net and litter decomposition bag were arranged in the pure forest of Pinus massoniana in different stand density. The litter was collected continuously for one year and the seasonal variation of litter volume was analyzed. The litter decomposition bag was continuously recovered for 18 months, and the dry weight and nutrient content of the litter were analyzed. The litter decomposition bag was collected for one year, and the changes of dry weight and nutrient content were analyzed. The decomposition of pine needles was regulated by 4 factor 3 level orthogonal test, and the change of decomposition rate was analyzed. The litter volume and nutrient content were analyzed with Excel and SPSS data processing software. The results showed: (1) middle density forest year The litter size was the largest, about 4.51t/hm2, obviously greater than low, high density stand, significant difference (P0.05), and there was no significant difference between the low density stand and the high density stand. There was a significant difference between the low density stand and the high density stand, and the litterfall was the largest in the fall, and the pine needles accounted for the largest proportion of the litter in the litter, and the nutrient concentration in the pine needles had a distinct season. The difference between the maximum and the minimum seasons was significant (P0.05). The changes in the annual return of nutrients in different densities were the same as that of the annual litter, which were the largest, low, high density and little difference, and there were obvious seasonal variations of the nutrient return, which were the largest in autumn, in summer and in the two quarter of winter and spring. The difference between the maximum and the minimum seasons was significant (P0.05). (2) the decomposition of pine needles in the artificial pure forest of Pinus massoniana was very slow, which was different from those of previous studies, because the decomposition bag cleared the surface litter and the semi decomposition layer, cut off the relationship between the pine needles and the microbes, soil microbes and pine needles. The decomposition rate of pine needles increased rapidly after a period of decomposition, and the decomposition rate of pine needles in the two quarter of summer and autumn was faster. After 18 months of decomposition, the weight loss rates of pine needles were 40.15%, 47.85% and 43.5%, respectively, and the decomposition rate and decomposition period of pine needles in Pinus massoniana plantation were all changed with the change of density, 3 The decomposition rate of pine needles in the density stand is 0.342,0.434,0.381, the difference between 22 and the medium density (No. 6 forest) is the fastest. It shows that the increase of the density of Pinus massoniana plantation can accelerate the decomposition of the litter, but it will restrict the decomposition of the litter in a certain degree, so the management of the Pinus massoniana Plantation The rational planning of the stand density can effectively accelerate the decomposition of litter and promote the nutrient cycling of the woodland. The half-life of the 3 density stand is 2.0A, 1.6A, 1.8A, respectively 8.8a, 6.9a, 7.9a, half life and turnover period. (3) the 3 types of pine needles begin to decompose the fastest. Then gradually slow down, after 1A decomposition, the 3 types of weightlessness were 45.70%, 52.50% and 48.10% respectively, the decomposition rates were 0.611,0.744 and 0.656 respectively. The difference between the 22 and the natural secondary forests of Masson pine was the fastest, followed by Pinus massoniana, Liriodendron and broad-leaved mixed forest and the slowest decomposition of Pinus massoniana plantation. The 3 types of forest species richness index were 4.12,4.34 and 3.69 respectively, which were the largest in natural secondary forests. The more species diversity was, the more rich the shrub broad-leaved trees were, the more species and quantity of soil microbes and the faster the decomposition of litter, which indicated that the appropriate replanting of shrub broad-leaved trees in the pure forest of Masson Pine people could not change when they were planted. In the case of pre operation, the nutrient cycling speed of woodland was accelerated and the productivity of Pinus massoniana woodland was increased. The half-life of 3 types of pine needles was 1.1a, 0.9A, 1.1a respectively, and the turnover period was 4.9a, 4.0a, 4.6a, respectively. (4) in the process of pine needles, the contents of each element were constantly changing, but two kinds of different kinds were not. The release dynamics of nutrient elements in the same level of pine needle decomposition test were similar, C showed direct release mode, K, Ca, Mg and other elements showed leaching release mode, N, P, Mn, Cu and other elements showed enrichment release mode; Fe, Zn slightly different, the concentration release mode was shown in different density tests, and the different types of experiments were leaching rich. The set release mode is related to the difference in the time and the composition of the stand, the arrangement of the test time is different, the temperature and the rainfall are different, which lead to the difference in the dynamics of the element release and the difference in the composition of the stand, which will lead to the difference of the microorganism structure and the difference of the rule of the element release. (5) among the 4 factors, the microbial factor and the organic matter It can significantly affect the decomposition of pine needles, and the influence of surfactant and C/N is not significant. Therefore, bacteria and organic substances are the main factors affecting the decomposition of pine needles, while surface active agents and C/N are secondary factors. Through the selection of the optimal levels of each factor, A3D2 B1C3 is inoculated with decomposing agent 2 (compound bacteria), chicken manure is added, and surfactants are not treated with surfactants. Spraying glucose - NH4Cl mixed solution is the best combination to control pine needles decomposition.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S714
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