【摘要】：【目的】土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的組成與活性的變化是衡量土壤肥力的重要指標(biāo),研究長期不同施肥和土壤管理方式對X土微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的影響,對于指導(dǎo)X土施肥和土壤管理,實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)田可持續(xù)利用具有重要意義�！痉椒ā恳躁兾鳁盍�"國家黃土肥力與肥料效益監(jiān)測基地"長期肥料定位試驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ),運(yùn)用磷脂脂肪酸標(biāo)記法(PLFA),研究了X土長期不同施肥及土地利用方式下土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)及其與土壤理化性質(zhì)的關(guān)系。處理包括:長期不施肥(CK)、單施氮肥(N)、長期配合施用氮鉀(NK)、磷鉀(PK)、氮磷(NP)、有機(jī)肥和氮磷鉀(MNPK)以及長期休閑(FL)和撂荒(AB)�！窘Y(jié)果】與對照相比,MNPK、NP和撂荒處理土壤總PLFA分別增加218.8%、73.9%和74.3%,細(xì)菌分別增加188.3%、80.8%和82.6%,真菌分別增加了315.8%、111.5%和167.0%,放線菌分別增加了23.7%、21.3%和16.3%,同時(shí)也顯著增加了真菌/細(xì)菌比;N、NK和PK土壤總PLFA、細(xì)菌、真菌差異不顯著,但PK顯著降低放線菌的含量;與農(nóng)田施肥相比,休閑和撂荒顯著降低G~+和G~-含量。多樣性指數(shù)結(jié)果表明,長期有機(jī)無機(jī)配施明顯提高土壤微生物群落的Shannon-Winner多樣性指數(shù)、Simpson優(yōu)勢度和Pielou均勻度指數(shù),撂荒和NP也能顯著增加Shannon-Winner多樣性指數(shù)和Pielou均勻度指數(shù),而長期休閑處理均明顯降低了這些指數(shù)。主成分分析表明,MNPK、NP、撂荒和休閑土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生較大變化;MNPK顯著提高G~-(18:1ω5c,cy19:0ω7c)、細(xì)菌(16:0、10Me22:0飽和脂肪酸)及真核生物(18:3ω6c、16:3ω6c,22:2ω6c)的多度值,撂荒(AB)和NP顯著提高細(xì)菌(15:0,18:0,22:0,17:0飽和脂肪酸)的多度值。RDA分析表明,土壤理化性質(zhì)對微生物菌群影響的重要性依次為有機(jī)質(zhì)全氮含水量速效磷pH容重速效鉀,這些理化因子均是微生物生長的關(guān)鍵因子�！窘Y(jié)論】長期有機(jī)無機(jī)肥配施、氮磷配施和撂荒提高了土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)多樣性,從而改善了土壤生態(tài)環(huán)境,而長期休閑不利于土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定和健康。
[Abstract]:[objective] the change of soil microbial community structure and activity is an important index to measure soil fertility. The effects of long-term fertilization and soil management on the structure of soil microbial community were studied. It is of great significance to guide the application of fertilizer and soil management in X soil and to realize the sustainable utilization of farmland. [methods] based on the long-term fertilizer location experiment of "National Loess Fertility and Fertilizer benefit Monitoring Base" in Yang Ling of Shaanxi Province, Using phospholipid fatty acid labeling (PLFA), the structure of soil microbial community and its relationship with soil physical and chemical properties under long-term fertilization and land use in X soil were studied. The treatments included long-term no-fertilization (CK), nitrogen fertilizer application (N) alone, long-term combined application of nitrogen and potassium (NK), phosphorus (competition), nitrogen and phosphorus (NP), organic fertilizer and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (MNPK), long-term recreation (FL) and abandonment (AB). [results] compared with the control, the soil total PLFA scores of MNPKNP and abandoned treatments were higher than those of the control. Don't increase by 73.9% and 74.3%, bacteria by 188.3% and 82.6%, fungi by 315.81.5% and 167.0%, actinomycetes by 23.721.3% and 16.3%, respectively. At the same time, they also significantly increased the ratio of fungi to bacteria (NNK) and the total PLFA-bacteria in the competitive soil, bacteria, bacteria. The difference of fungi was not significant, but competition significantly decreased the content of actinomycetes, and compared with fertilization in farmland, fallow and abandoned significantly decreased the contents of G- and Gn-. The results of diversity index showed that the Shannon-Winner diversity index, Pielou evenness index and Shannon-Winner diversity index and Pielou evenness index of soil microbial community were significantly increased by long-term organic and inorganic application, and the Shannon-Winner diversity index and Pielou evenness index were also significantly increased by abandonment and NP. And long-term leisure treatment significantly reduced these indices. The results of principal component analysis showed that the microbial community structure of MNPKN, abandoned and recreational soils changed greatly. MNPK significantly increased the degrees of Gn- (18:1 蠅 5cncy19: 0 蠅 7c), bacteria (16: 0 10 Me22: 0 saturated fatty acids) and eukaryotes (18:3 蠅 6c16: 3 蠅 6c222 蠅 6c). Abandonment (AB) and NP significantly increased the abundance value of bacteria (15: 0: 18: 22: 0: 17: 0 saturated fatty acids). RDA analysis showed that the importance of soil physical and chemical properties to the microbial flora was: organic matter, total nitrogen, water content, available phosphorus, available pH, available potassium. These physical and chemical factors are the key factors for microbial growth. [conclusion] Long-term organic and inorganic fertilizer application, nitrogen and phosphorus combined application and abandonment improved the diversity of soil microbial community structure, thus improving the soil ecological environment. And long-term leisure is not conducive to the stability and health of soil ecosystem.
【作者單位】： 西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)資源環(huán)境學(xué)院/農(nóng)業(yè)部西北植物營養(yǎng)與農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)水利與建筑工程學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(xiàng)(201203030) 陜西省自然科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)研究計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2015JM4130) 中央高�；究蒲袆�(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目(QN2012038) 高等學(xué)校學(xué)科創(chuàng)新引智計(jì)劃(B12007)
【分類號】：S158

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