本文選題：草甘膦 + 銅綠微囊藻　； 參考：《上海應(yīng)用技術(shù)學(xué)院》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：除草劑的廣泛使用對(duì)水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境安全產(chǎn)生了巨大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。其中,除草劑草甘膦在全球的銷(xiāo)售額一直獨(dú)占鰲頭。除草劑草甘膦在許多國(guó)家已被廣泛用于農(nóng)業(yè)雜草控制中。其在使用過(guò)程中勢(shì)必會(huì)流失到水生環(huán)境中,并可能對(duì)水生生物造成不利影響。近年來(lái),水華的爆發(fā)受到了全球范圍內(nèi)的關(guān)注,其關(guān)鍵原因在于水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化,水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)失調(diào),促使藍(lán)藻迅猛繁殖。然而,在環(huán)境濃度下,目前鮮有研究報(bào)道涉及草甘膦對(duì)水華藻類(lèi)的毒性效應(yīng)及其毒素釋放分泌的影響。本文以銅綠微囊藻和綠色微囊藻作為受試藻種,用草甘膦對(duì)這兩種藍(lán)藻進(jìn)行不同濃度梯度染毒,研究不同作用時(shí)間下生長(zhǎng)密度、葉綠素a和蛋白含量的變化,并對(duì)此過(guò)程中抗氧化損傷進(jìn)行分析,最后對(duì)藻毒素釋放進(jìn)行研究,探討草甘膦對(duì)這兩種藍(lán)藻的毒性效應(yīng)。草甘膦對(duì)銅綠微囊藻毒性研究表明,48h時(shí),草甘膦增加了銅綠微囊藻細(xì)胞內(nèi)丙二醛(MDA)的含量,增強(qiáng)了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、過(guò)氧化氫酶(CAT)和過(guò)氧化物酶(POD)的活性。草甘膦進(jìn)一步誘導(dǎo)銅綠微囊藻細(xì)胞凋亡,并促進(jìn)銅綠微囊藻的毒素釋放。草甘膦對(duì)綠色微囊藻毒性研究表明,高濃度草甘膦能抑制綠色微囊藻生物量、葉綠素a和蛋白含量,且草甘膦濃度越高,綠色微囊藻生長(zhǎng)抑制率越大。24h時(shí),低濃度(0.2 mg/L)草甘膦暴露下,綠色微囊藻的SOD活性增高,MDA含量降低。細(xì)胞凋亡結(jié)果表明：低濃度的草甘膦對(duì)綠色微囊藻具有氧化脅迫,但沒(méi)有導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞損害,相反,能刺激綠色微囊藻的生長(zhǎng)。研究結(jié)果有助于了解常用除草劑草甘膦對(duì)藍(lán)藻的毒性作用,對(duì)環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)和保護(hù)具有重要的意義,同時(shí)也有助于指導(dǎo)草甘膦在農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境中的施用。
[Abstract]:The widespread use of herbicides has made great risks to the environmental safety of aquatic ecosystems. Among them, herbicide glyphosate has been the world's top priority. Herbicide glyphosate has been widely used in agricultural weed control in many countries. It is bound to be lost to aquatic environment and may be aquatic. In recent years, the outbreak of water bloom has attracted worldwide attention, and the key reason is the eutrophication of water body, the maladjustment of aquatic ecosystem and the rapid propagation of cyanobacteria. However, at present, there are few reports on the effects of glyphosate on the toxic effects of glyphosate on water blooms and the release and secretion of toxins. In this paper, Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystis green Microcystis were used as the tested algae, and the two kinds of cyanobacteria were poisoned with glyphosate. The growth density, the changes of chlorophyll a and protein content under different action time were studied, and the Antioxidative Damage in this process was analyzed. Finally, the release of the alga toxin was studied and the glyphosate was discussed. The toxicity of these two cyanobacteria. The toxicity of glyphosate to Microcystis aeruginosa showed that glyphosate increased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in Microcystis aeruginosa cells and enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD). Glyphosate further induced the apoptosis of Microcystis aeruginosa cells and promoted the apoptosis of Microcystis aeruginosa cells. The toxicities of Microcystis aeruginosa were released. Glyphosate toxicity to green Microcystis showed that high concentration of glyphosate inhibited green Microcystis biomass, chlorophyll a and protein content, and the higher the concentration of glyphosate, the greater the growth inhibition rate of green Microcystis was.24h, and the SOD activity of Microcystis green Microcystis increased under low concentration (0.2 mg /L) glyphosate. MDA content decreased. The results of apoptosis showed that low concentration of glyphosate had oxidative stress on green Microcystis, but did not cause cell damage. On the contrary, it could stimulate the growth of green Microcystis. The results can help to understand the toxic effect of glyphosate on cyanobacteria, and it is of great significance to environmental assessment and protection. It also helps to guide glyphosate application in the agricultural environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海應(yīng)用技術(shù)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X592;X171.5

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