本文選題：肉牛養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng) + 飼喂方式��； 參考：《河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：畜牧養(yǎng)殖過程中產(chǎn)生的N2O、CH4是全球溫室氣體的主要農(nóng)業(yè)排放源,排放的NH3也是大氣、水體和土壤最主要的污染物之一。肉牛養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的N2O、CH4和NH3的年排放總量均排在世界同行的前列,但我國(guó)在肉牛養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的氣體排放方面的研究仍較薄弱。因此,明確我國(guó)養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)尺度N2O、CH4及NH3的日排放特征,估算N2O、CH4及NH3的排放強(qiáng)度,不僅為實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)肉牛業(yè)溫室氣體減排目標(biāo)提供思路和技術(shù),同時(shí)也為其他養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供重要的理論與技術(shù)支持。本研究采用自行設(shè)計(jì)的自動(dòng)采樣裝置、氨氣激光測(cè)定儀與反演式氣體擴(kuò)散技術(shù)相結(jié)合的研究方法,測(cè)定了我國(guó)限制采食和自由采食兩種養(yǎng)殖方式下肉牛養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)尺度的N2O、CH4及NH3排放,其中2013年9月6日至9月28日與2014年5月16日至6月12日以及2014年10月20日到11月6日對(duì)限制采食肉牛養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)進(jìn)行原位測(cè)定,2013年10月21日至11月19日,2014年3月15日至4月11日,原位測(cè)定了自由采食肉牛養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng),以探討不同養(yǎng)殖模式下肉牛養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)N2O、CH4及NH3的日排放特征,并估算N2O、CH4及NH3的排放強(qiáng)度,以及飼料N2O、CH4及NH3的轉(zhuǎn)化因子,同時(shí)以農(nóng)田土壤N素垂直分布為對(duì)照,探究不同飼養(yǎng)模式肉牛養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)飼喂區(qū)、運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)土壤N素分布情況。其主要結(jié)果如下:1.試驗(yàn)肉牛場(chǎng)尺度N2O排放存在明顯的日排放特征。兩種飼喂方式養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)N2O排放呈白天高、晚上低的趨勢(shì)。限制采食肉牛養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)2013年9月N2O排放高峰值出現(xiàn)在10:30之后排放量逐漸降低,2014年5月-6月N2O排放高峰出現(xiàn)在8:30 am-16:30pm,之后呈緩慢下降趨勢(shì),N2O排放量分別為7.5 g/head/d和10.9 g/head/d。飼料攝入總N轉(zhuǎn)化為N2O-N的轉(zhuǎn)化系數(shù)分別為2.5%和3.7%。自由采食肉牛養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)N2O在2013年10月11月與2014年3月-4月的排放排放高峰期為08:00 am-17:30 pm,隨后排放曲線開始呈現(xiàn)緩慢下降趨勢(shì),并在0:30 am的時(shí)候達(dá)到最低值,排放量分別為13.0g/head/d和29.4 g/head/d。N2O-N的損失占總攝入N量的分別為5.2%和11.7%。2.試驗(yàn)肉牛場(chǎng)尺度不同飼喂方式下CH4日排放特征不同。限制采食肉牛養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)CH4在2013年9月與2014年5月-6月測(cè)定期間排放速率分別為6.2 g/head/h-12.4g/head/h,7.0 g/head/h-13.6 g/head/h,CH4排放量分別為219 g/head/d和240 g/head/d。試驗(yàn)期間CH4排放存在兩個(gè)排放高峰,分別在9:30am和17:30pm,這與飼料日糧消化規(guī)律基本吻合,其反芻CH4轉(zhuǎn)化系數(shù)Ym分別為6.5%和7.1%。自由采食肉牛養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)CH4在2013年10月11月與2014年3月-4月的排放速率分別為2.6 g/head/h-15.5g/head/h和5.3 g/head/h-10.8 g/head/h。CH4排放一天中只有一個(gè)高峰,發(fā)生在8:00am-18:00 pm,CH4排放量分別為204 g/head/d和192 g/head/d。CH4轉(zhuǎn)化系數(shù)分別為6.9%和6.5%。3.試驗(yàn)肉牛場(chǎng)尺度NH3排放存在明顯的日排放特征。2014年5月與2014年10月限制采食肉牛養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)NH3高峰均發(fā)生在10:00-14:00。試驗(yàn)期間NH3排放量為172g/head/d和157 g/head/d,飼料攝入總氮轉(zhuǎn)化為NH3的轉(zhuǎn)化系數(shù)分別為75.3%和68.8%。4.養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)土壤剖面N素分布存在顯著差異。養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)不同深度土層N素含量普遍高于同一深度農(nóng)田。0-100 cm土層硝態(tài)氮含量為養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)飼喂區(qū)養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)相鄰農(nóng)田,由于養(yǎng)殖密度大,糞便長(zhǎng)期堆積,糞便中含有有機(jī)質(zhì)、氮素等養(yǎng)分,過量的養(yǎng)分可能通過徑流和下滲等方式進(jìn)入水體,造成水環(huán)境污染。
[Abstract]:The N2O, CH4, produced in the process of livestock breeding, is the main source of agricultural emissions of global greenhouse gases, and the NH3 emission is one of the most important pollutants in the atmosphere, water and soil. The annual emission of N2O, CH4 and NH3 in beef cattle breeding is ranked in the forefront of the world, but the research on the gas emission of beef cattle breeding is still relatively thin in China. Therefore, to identify the daily emission characteristics of N2O, CH4 and NH3 on the farm scale in China, and to estimate the emission intensity of N2O, CH4 and NH3, not only provide ideas and techniques for the realization of greenhouse gas emission reduction targets in beef cattle industry in China, but also provide important theoretical and technical support for the sustainable development of other breeding industries. The method of combining the sampling device, the ammonia laser measuring instrument and the inversion gas diffusion technology was used to determine the N2O, CH4 and NH3 emission of beef cattle breeding field on two breeding methods, which were restricted by food and free feeding. From September 6, 2013 to September 28th and May 16, 2014 to June 12th and October 20, 2014 to November 6th, In situ determination of beef cattle breeding farms, from October 21, 2013 to November 19th, March 15, 2014 to April 11th, the free feeding beef cattle farms were measured in situ to explore the daily emission characteristics of N2O, CH4 and NH3 in beef cattle farms under different culture patterns, and to estimate the emission intensity of N2O, CH4 and NH3, as well as the transformation of N2O, CH4 and NH3 in feed. Factor, at the same time, the vertical distribution of N in farmland soil was taken as the control, and the distribution of soil N in the soil of the beef cattle breeding farm of different feeding patterns was investigated. The main results were as follows: 1. there were obvious daily emission characteristics of the N2O emission in the beef cattle farm scale. The N2O emission of the breeding farms was high in the daytime and low in the evening. The peak value of N2O emission in the carnivorous cattle farm in September 2013 was gradually reduced after 10:30, and the peak of N2O emission in May 2014 was at 8:30 am-16:30pm at 8:30 in May 2014, and then a slow decline trend. The conversion coefficient of 7.5 g/head/d and 10.9 g/head/d. feed intake total N to N2O-N was 2.5% and 3.7%. free recovery respectively. The peak period of N2O in November October 2013 and -4 month March 2014 of carnivorous cattle farm was 08:00 am-17:30 PM, and then the emission curve began to decline slowly and reached the lowest value at 0:30 am, and the loss of 13.0g/head/d and 29.4 g/head/d.N2O-N, respectively, accounted for 5.2% and 11.7%.2. respectively. The CH4 emission characteristics were different under different feeding methods. The emission rates of CH4 in September 2013 and May 2014 -6 months were 6.2 g/head/h-12.4g/head/h, 7 g/head/h-13.6 g/head/h respectively, and CH4 emissions were 219 g/head/d and 240 g/head/d. during the period of September 2013, respectively, and there were two rows of CH4 emissions. The peak values were in 9:30am and 17:30pm respectively, which were basically consistent with the diet digestion rules. The ruminant CH4 conversion coefficient Ym was 6.5% and 7.1%. free feeding beef cattle breeding farm CH4 was 2.6 g/head/h-15.5g/head/h and 5.3 g/head/h-10.8 g/head/h.CH4 respectively in November October 2013 and March 2014 month March 2014, respectively. A peak, occurring at 8:00am-18:00 PM, CH4 emissions are 204 g/head/d and 192 g/head/d.CH4 conversion coefficients respectively 6.9% and 6.5%.3. tests, respectively, and NH3 emissions of meat and cattle farms have obvious diurnal emission characteristics. The peak of NH3 peak at.2014 year May and October 2014 restricted feed beef cattle farms are all NH3 emission during 10:00-14:00. test. 172g/head/d and 157 g/head/d, the conversion coefficient of total nitrogen conversion to NH3 in feed intake was 75.3% and the distribution of N in the soil profile of 68.8%.4. farms was significantly different. The content of N in the soil layer at different depth of the breeding farm was generally higher than the nitrate content in the.0-100 cm soil layer of the same depth farmland, which was the adjacent farmland in the breeding farm area. The density of the culture is large and the feces accumulate for a long time. The feces contain organic matter, nitrogen and other nutrients. The excess nutrients may enter the water body through runoff and infiltration, causing water pollution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S823;S158

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本文編號(hào)：2113720