本文選題：冬小麥-夏玉米輪作 + 沼液灌溉��； 參考：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著集約化、規(guī)�；笄蒺B(yǎng)殖業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展,養(yǎng)殖廢棄物利用越來越受到關(guān)注,利用養(yǎng)殖肥水發(fā)酵后的沼液灌溉農(nóng)田是一個重要方向。但是,不合理的灌溉會帶來嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境問題。國內(nèi)外已經(jīng)展開了大量關(guān)于沼液灌溉農(nóng)田的研究,但大多集中在對土壤、地下水、作物影響的研究,對土壤溫室氣體排放的研究還較少,尤其缺乏沼液量化灌溉對農(nóng)田溫室氣體排放規(guī)律的影響。本試驗通過大田定位試驗,利用靜態(tài)箱-氣相色譜法,設(shè)置了不同的沼液灌溉模式,即空白對照處理CK、常規(guī)施肥處理CF、灌溉兩次2:1沼液處理(T1)、灌溉三次2:1沼液處理(T2)、灌溉四次2:1沼液處理(T3)、灌溉五次2:1沼液處理(T4)共6個處理,研究了在華北平原典型的冬小麥-夏玉米輪作系統(tǒng)下,奶牛養(yǎng)殖場沼液全量替代化肥灌溉后農(nóng)田主要溫室氣體C02、N20與CH4的排放特征,同時監(jiān)測了氣象條件(降水量和大氣溫度)動態(tài)變化、土壤理化性質(zhì)(土壤NH4+-N、N03--N、DOC含量)、土壤脲酶活性以及作物籽粒產(chǎn)量,并分析了農(nóng)田土壤C02、N20與CH4的排放通量與土壤各因子間的相關(guān)性,通過綜合作物產(chǎn)量、溫室氣體排放及土壤因子等經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境指標(biāo),提出合理的沼液灌溉模式。研究結(jié)果如下:一、沼液灌溉并沒有改變土壤C02排放通量的季節(jié)性變化規(guī)律,試驗田中C02的排放通量范圍為 1.39-23.82 kgCO2-Chm-2·d-1;在整個輪作周期內(nèi),CK、T1、T2、T3、T4、CF 處理土壤的 C02-C 累積排放量分別為 1985.13、2424.55、2576.42、2759.88、2893.79、2797.65 kg·hm-2,其大小順序為 T4CFT3T2T1CK,沼液灌溉與施化肥處理土壤的C02-C累積排放量差異不顯著。二、沼液灌溉后T2、T3、T4處理的土壤N2O排放通量均出現(xiàn)峰值,且與常規(guī)施肥處理(CF)的差異性達(dá)到了顯著水平;除T4與常規(guī)施肥處理(CF)外,其他處理在越冬期均出現(xiàn)了 N20負(fù)排放現(xiàn)象;與常規(guī)施肥處理(CF)相比,T3與T4處理并沒有造成土壤N2O累積排放量的顯著增加,而T1與T2處理明顯減少了土壤N20的累積排放量。三、沼液灌溉并未改變土壤CH4排放的變化規(guī)律,但會增加土壤CH4的排放通量;沼液灌溉會導(dǎo)致土壤CH4出現(xiàn)較高的正排放峰值,但在玉米季均處于負(fù)排放水平;在整個輪作周期,各處理的CH4累積排放量均為負(fù)值,土壤是CH4的匯;各處理的CH4的累積吸收量表現(xiàn)出了很大的差異性,其大小順序為CKT2T1CFT3T4。四、沼液灌溉會引起土壤NH4+-N、NO3--N含量在短時間內(nèi)的增加;沼液灌溉會顯著增加土壤可溶性有機(jī)碳的含量,并且這種效果具有積累性;沼液灌溉與常規(guī)施肥均提高了土壤脲酶的活性,并且隨著灌溉次數(shù)的增加土壤脲酶活性越高。五、與常規(guī)施肥相比,T1處理(小麥季灌溉沼液一次+玉米季灌溉沼液一次)的小麥籽粒產(chǎn)量減產(chǎn)27.56%,而其他三個沼液灌溉處理均不會造成小麥籽粒的減產(chǎn);與常規(guī)施肥相比,四個沼液灌溉處理均不會引起玉米籽粒的減產(chǎn);四個沼液灌溉處理每生產(chǎn) 1t 作物籽粒所排放N22O-N 分別為 70.39、44.32、62.77、76.54g。六、通過相關(guān)性分析得出,土壤CO2排放通量與土壤DOC和大氣溫度呈顯著正相關(guān)性;土壤N2O排放通量與土壤DOC和土壤NO3--N含量呈顯著正相關(guān)性;土壤CH4的排放通量與土壤NH4+-N含量和土壤含水量呈顯著正相關(guān)性,而與大氣溫度呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)性;土壤脲酶活性與土壤中NO3--N含量呈極顯著的正相關(guān)性。綜上所述,在本試驗條件下,四個沼液灌溉模式中,T2處理(小麥季灌溉沼液兩次+玉米季灌溉沼液一次)能夠在保證作物籽粒產(chǎn)量的同時,減少CO2和N2O的排放,增加土壤對CH4-C的固定,且增加土壤DOC含量,是較為合理的灌溉模式。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of intensive livestock and poultry farming industry, the utilization of livestock and poultry farming has attracted more and more attention. It is an important direction to irrigate farmland with mariculture of mariculture and fermented water. However, unreasonable irrigation will bring serious environmental problems. A large number of researches on irrigation of biogas slurry have been carried out at home and abroad, but most of them have been carried out. The research on the influence of soil, groundwater and crops, and less research on the emission of greenhouse gas in the soil, especially the effect of biogas slurry irrigation on the law of greenhouse gas emission of farmland. In this experiment, different biogas liquid irrigation modes are set up by static box gas chromatography, that is, blank control treatment CK, Conventional fertilization treatment CF, irrigation two times 2:1 biogas solution (T1), irrigation three 2:1 biogas slurry treatment (T2), four times 2:1 biogas slurry treatment (T3), and five 2:1 marshes (T4) treatment (T4), studied the main greenhouse gas of the dairy farm after the irrigation of the typical winter wheat summer corn rotation system in the North China Plain. The emission characteristics of body C02, N20 and CH4 were observed, and the dynamic changes of meteorological conditions (precipitation and atmospheric temperature), soil physical and chemical properties (soil NH4+-N, N03--N, DOC content), soil urease activity and crop grain yield were monitored, and the correlation between the emission flux of C02, N20 and CH4 and soil factors was analyzed. Quantity, greenhouse gas emission and soil factors and other economic and environmental indicators, put forward a reasonable mode of biogas slurry irrigation. The results are as follows: first, the irrigation of biogas slurry does not change the seasonal variation law of soil C02 emission flux, the emission flux of C02 in the test field is 1.39-23.82 kgCO2-Chm-2. D-1; in the whole rotation period, CK, T1, T2, T3, T4. The cumulative emission of C02-C in soil treated with CF was 1985.132424.552576.422759.882893.792797.65 kg. Hm-2 respectively, the order of its size was T4CFT3T2T1CK, and there was no significant difference in the cumulative emission of C02-C in soil with biogas liquid irrigation and fertilizer treatment. Two, the peak emission of T2, T3 and T4 treated soil after biogas slurry irrigation was both peak and constant. The difference of CF was significant. Except for T4 and conventional fertilization (CF), other treatments had a negative N20 emission in the overwintering period. Compared with the conventional fertilization (CF), T3 and T4 treatment did not cause a significant increase in the cumulative emission of soil N2O, but T1 and T2 treatment significantly reduced the cumulative emission of soil N20. Three, three, biogas slurry irrigation did not change the change law of soil emission, but increased the emission flux of soil CH4; the irrigation of biogas slurry would lead to a higher positive emission peak of soil CH4, but at the negative emission level in the corn season; in the whole rotation period, the CH4 cumulative emission of each treatment was negative, the soil was the sink of CH4 and the CH of each treatment. The cumulative absorption of 4 showed a great difference in the order of CKT2T1CFT3T4. four. The irrigation of biogas liquid could cause the increase of soil NH4+-N, NO3--N content in a short time, and the content of soluble organic carbon in soil could be significantly increased by the irrigation of biogas liquid, and the effect was accumulated, and the soil urea irrigation and conventional fertilization improved soil urea. The activity of the enzyme, and the higher the soil urease activity increased with the increase of irrigation times. Five, compared with the conventional fertilization, the grain yield of wheat was reduced by 27.56% by T1 treatment (one time the irrigation of the wheat season irrigation marsh liquid and the irrigation of the corn season), and the other three biogas irrigation treatments would not produce the wheat grain yield. Compared with the conventional fertilization, four biogas marshes were compared with conventional fertilization. The treatment of liquid irrigation did not cause the reduction of corn grain; the N22O-N of each 1t crop seed produced by four biogas slurry irrigation treatment was 70.39,44.32,62.77,76.54g. six respectively. The correlation analysis showed that the soil CO2 emission flux had a significant positive correlation with the soil DOC and the atmosphere temperature, and the soil N2O emission flux and soil DOC and soil NO3. The content of --N has significant positive correlation, and the emission flux of soil CH4 has a significant positive correlation with soil NH4+-N content and soil water content, but has a significant negative correlation with the atmospheric temperature, and the soil urease activity has a significant positive correlation with the content of NO3--N in soil. In this experiment, in the experimental conditions, four biogas irrigation modes, T2 treatment ( The two times of irrigation of biogas liquid in wheat season and irrigation of biogas liquid in corn season can reduce the emission of CO2 and N2O, increase the fixation of soil to CH4-C and increase the content of DOC in soil, which is a more reasonable irrigation mode.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X712
，

本文編號：2109598