本文選題：生物質(zhì) + 木質(zhì)素　； 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本學(xué)位論文以廉價(jià)的生物質(zhì)材料木質(zhì)素,雞毛,纖維素為主要原料,以常用化學(xué)試劑對(duì)其進(jìn)行改性,制備了幾種多功能微肥。系統(tǒng)的研究了反應(yīng)條件,運(yùn)用先進(jìn)的儀器設(shè)備對(duì)樣品進(jìn)行了表征;還考察了樣品的應(yīng)用效果。得到的主要結(jié)果如下。1、以工業(yè)堿木質(zhì)素(L)為原料,經(jīng)過(guò)酚化(PL)及酚化并羥甲基化(HPL)兩種前處理,再分別對(duì)前處理產(chǎn)物PL和HPL進(jìn)行羧甲基化改性得到CMPL和CMHPL。L水溶率為8.7%,CMPL水溶率為34.7%,CMHPL水溶率為69.7%。另外L、CMPL和CMHPL的鋅離子吸附總量分別為53.8 mg/g、113.1 mg/g和124.2 mg/g。木質(zhì)素經(jīng)酚化,羥甲基化兩步前處理,再羧甲基化改性可以很大程度上提高材料的水溶性和對(duì)鋅離子的絡(luò)合能力。2、以工業(yè)堿木質(zhì)素(L)和雞毛為原料,木質(zhì)素酚化(PL)后與雞毛堿解產(chǎn)物(CF)進(jìn)行交聯(lián)反應(yīng)制備出PL-CF。PL-CF具有較大的比表面積(SBET,94.18 m2/g)和孔隙度(V p,0.48 cm3/g)。利用PL-CF制備了緩釋鐵肥(PL-CF-Fe),以木質(zhì)素基鐵肥(L-Fe)和雞毛堿解液鐵肥(CF-Fe)作為對(duì)照。靜水釋放試驗(yàn)中,L-Fe當(dāng)天的鐵元素溶出高達(dá)93%,CF-Fe次之(70%),PL-CF-Fe具有最低的鐵元素溶出率(13.9%)。土壤培養(yǎng)試中,與L-Fe和CF-Fe相比PL-CF-Fe肥效期較長(zhǎng)。PL-CF表現(xiàn)出一定的保水性能及保肥性能。3、以雞毛(CF)和纖維素(Cell)為原料,氫氧化鉀/水/尿素體系作為復(fù)合溶劑,制備了一種含氮(150.6 mg/g)、鉀(136.7 mg/g)、鋅(13.9 mg/g)的多功能鋅肥(Cell-CF)。經(jīng)復(fù)合溶劑處理后雞毛和纖維素原料的結(jié)晶結(jié)構(gòu)破壞較完全,Cell-CF中的多肽和纖維素進(jìn)行了分子間的穿插折疊并形成了較強(qiáng)的分子間作用力,Cell-CF中的官能團(tuán)與鋅離子進(jìn)行了絡(luò)合反應(yīng)。Cell-CF具有較好的吸水溶脹性,Cell-CF的交聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)可以延緩鋅和鉀離子的溶出。Cell-CF中鋅的生物有效性高肥效期長(zhǎng),可作為一種長(zhǎng)效鋅肥。本論文的研究工作結(jié)合了廢棄物的資源化利用技術(shù)與肥料緩釋技術(shù),在具備實(shí)用價(jià)值的同時(shí)也具有重要的理論意義,所得產(chǎn)品在缺鐵及缺鋅土壤上具有較大的應(yīng)用潛力。
[Abstract]:In this dissertation, several kinds of multifunctional microfertilizers were prepared by modifying lignin, chicken hair and cellulose with common chemical reagents. The reaction conditions were systematically studied, and the sample was characterized by advanced instruments and equipment, and the application effect of the sample was also investigated. The main results are as follows: 1. Industrial alkali-lignin (L) was used as raw material after two kinds of pretreatment: phenolization (PL) and phenolation with hydroxymethylation (HPL). After carboxymethylation of pretreatment products PL and HPL respectively, the water solubility of CMP L and CMHPL.L was 8.7% and 34.7% respectively. The water solubility rate of CMHPL was 69.7%. In addition, the total amount of zinc ions adsorbed by LPP-L and CMHPL is 53.8 mg / g ~ (-1) mg/g and 124.2 mg / g ~ (-1), respectively. Lignin was treated with phenol and hydroxy methylation and modified with carboxymethylation to a great extent, the water-soluble and complexing ability of lignin to zinc ion was improved to a great extent. Industrial alkali-lignin (L) and chicken hair were used as raw materials. After phenolization (PL), PL-CF.PL-CF was crosslinked with the alkali-hydrolyzed product of chicken hair (CF) to prepare PL-CF.PL-CF with a large specific surface area (SBET-94.18 m2 / g) and porosity (V _ p _ (0.48 cm3/g). Slow release iron fertilizer (PL-CF-Fe) was prepared by using PL-CF as control, with lignin based iron fertilizer (L-Fe) and chicken hair alkali hydrolyzed iron fertilizer (CF-Fe) as control. In the hydrostatic release test, the iron dissolution of L-Fe on the same day was as high as 93CF-Fe (70%), and PL-CF-Fe had the lowest iron dissolution rate (13.9%). Compared with L-Fe and CF-Fe, PL-CF-Fe fertilizer efficiency period of PL-CF-Fe was longer than that of L-Fe and CF-Fe. PL-CF showed certain water and fertilizer retention properties. The chicken hair (CF) and cellulose (Cell) were used as raw materials and potassium hydroxide / water / urea system as composite solvent. A multifunctional zinc fertilizer (Cell-CF) containing nitrogen (150.6 mg/g), potassium (136.7 mg/g) and zinc (13.9 mg/g) was prepared. The crystal structure of chicken hair and cellulose was destroyed after the compound solvent treatment. The polypeptides and cellulose in Cell-CF were intermolecular intercalated and folded and formed a strong intermolecular interaction force between the functional groups and zinc ions in Cell-CF. The crosslinking network structure of Cell-CF with good water absorption and swelling property can delay the dissolution of zinc and potassium ions. The bioavailability of zinc in Cell-CF is longer than that of Cell-CF. It can be used as a long effect zinc fertilizer. The research work in this paper combines the technology of recycling of waste with the technology of fertilizer slow release, which has important theoretical significance as well as practical value. The product has great application potential in iron deficiency and zinc deficient soil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TQ449

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