本文選題：甲螨 + 中期門螨��； 參考：《西南民族大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤螨類是陸地態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要分解者,對C、N等物質(zhì)循環(huán)起重要調(diào)控作用,因此螨類對氣候變化的響應(yīng)可以影響生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能。但目前關(guān)于土壤螨類對氣候變化的響應(yīng)機(jī)制并不清楚。2013年12月利用土柱移植法將貢嘎山東坡海拔3200 m的土柱分別移植到2800 m、2400 m、2000 m和1600 m處實(shí)現(xiàn)自然增溫,并對移植土柱采取控制降水和凋落物(CT1)和不控制降水和凋落物(CT2)兩種處理分別研究溫度增加其他條件不變、以及溫度、降水和植被等環(huán)境條件都變情況下土壤螨類的響應(yīng)。2014年12月分別對5個海拔梯度的CT1、CT2兩組移植土柱和各海拔對照林地(CK)(代表長期適應(yīng)的穩(wěn)定結(jié)果)的土壤螨類群落及環(huán)境因子進(jìn)行了調(diào)查,主要研究結(jié)果如下。不同處理對土壤理化性質(zhì)影響不同。CT1組中僅土壤pH隨溫度增加而顯著下降;CT2組中的土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮、有效磷、有效鉀和全鉀含量均隨溫度增加而顯著上升,土壤pH變化趨勢不同,表現(xiàn)為在移植梯度2400 m顯著高于其他梯度,而其他移植梯度間無顯著差異;CK組各海拔梯度中土壤pH、有機(jī)質(zhì)、全磷、全鉀和有效氮變化趨勢不同且存在顯著差異。表明氣候植被等因素綜合作用對土壤理化性質(zhì)影響較強(qiáng),而單一溫度變化對土壤理化性質(zhì)影響較弱。不同處理組土壤螨類群落組成類群存在差異。蓋頭甲螨屬(Tectocepheus)是3種處理組的共同優(yōu)勢類群,赤螨科(Erythacidae)是CT1和CT2組的優(yōu)勢類群,CT1、CT2和CK分別有特有類群13、3和42屬�？傤惾簲�(shù)和總個體數(shù)大小順序?yàn)镃K(107屬1755只)CT1(63屬1026只)CT2(26屬476只)。主成分分析(PCA)結(jié)果表明CT1組梯度3200 m、2800 m、2400 m、2000 m和1600 m間土壤螨類群落結(jié)構(gòu)差異明顯;CT2組中海拔3200 m的土壤螨類群落結(jié)構(gòu)與2800 m和2400 m比較相似,與移植梯度2000 m和1600 m的差異較大;CK組海拔3200 m、2800 m、2000 m和1600 m間的土壤螨類群落結(jié)構(gòu)差異明顯,而海拔2400 m與2800 m、2000 m間群落結(jié)構(gòu)相似。觀測結(jié)果表明氣候變化能夠影響土壤螨類群落組成結(jié)構(gòu),并受溫度變化幅度、凋落物和降水等環(huán)境因子的影響。隨溫度增加,CT1和CT2組土壤螨類群落密度均呈顯著增加,但CK組密度變化趨勢不同,表現(xiàn)為從2800 m至1600 m間逐漸下降,但仍顯著高于3200 m。三組處理土壤螨類的類群數(shù)和Shannon-Wiener均隨溫度增加而顯著增加。三組間的群落密度、類群數(shù)和Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)均表現(xiàn)為CKCT1CT2(P0.01),均勻度和優(yōu)勢度指數(shù)無明顯變化趨勢。密度和多樣性指數(shù)的變化表明氣候變暖能顯著增加土壤螨類群落密度和多樣性,溫度增加對土壤動物的影響比溫度、降水及凋落物等綜合作用更明顯。不同螨類對氣候變化的響應(yīng)也不同。CK組各梯度間的中氣門螨類群落結(jié)構(gòu)和多樣性差異最大,甲螨差異最小;CT1組各移植梯度間甲螨群落結(jié)構(gòu)和多樣性變化最大,中氣門螨類變化最弱;CT2組的中氣門螨類群落結(jié)構(gòu)和多樣性變化最大,前氣門螨類變化最弱。中氣門螨類的MI指數(shù)表明溫度升高還可以增加捕食性K-選擇螨類數(shù)量。不同螨類受環(huán)境影響也不同,在3種處理中均是甲螨受環(huán)境影響最強(qiáng),表明甲螨對土壤環(huán)境變化最敏感,可作為氣候變化的指示生物。多元回歸分析結(jié)果表明,不同處理組螨類所受的環(huán)境影響因子不同。CT1組各移植梯度中土壤螨類群落受土壤pH、有效鉀和溫度影響顯著;CT2組土壤螨類群落受pH、全氮、有效鉀和全鉀影響顯著;CK組土壤螨類群落受pH值、土壤全氮、全鉀、空氣濕度和土壤溫度影響顯著。土壤螨類與環(huán)境因子關(guān)系表明單一溫度變化或溫度、降水量、植被等變化綜合作用可以通過改變土壤化學(xué)性質(zhì)對土壤螨類群落產(chǎn)生影響。以上研究結(jié)果表明增溫及其與降水植被等綜合作用可以改變森林土壤螨類群落組成、提高群落多樣性及密度,促進(jìn)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的物質(zhì)循環(huán),因此氣候變化將對土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能產(chǎn)生較大影響。
[Abstract]:Soil mite is an important decomposer of the terrestrial system, which plays an important role in regulating the circulation of C and N. Therefore, the response mechanism of mite to climate change can affect the structure and function of the ecosystem. However, the response mechanism of soil mite to climate change is not clear at present in December by using soil column transplantation in Shandong slope of Gongga 3. 200 m soil columns were transplanted to 2800 m, 2400 m, 2000 m and 1600 m to achieve natural temperature increase, and two treatments of controlled precipitation and litter (CT1) and no control of precipitation and litter (CT2) were used to study the other conditions of temperature increase, as well as temperature, precipitation, vegetation and other environmental conditions. The soil mite communities and environmental factors of 5 altitudinal CT1, CT2 two groups and altitudinal control woodland (CK) were investigated in December of.2014. The main results were as follows. The effects of different treatments on soil physical and chemical properties in different.CT1 groups were significantly increased with the increase of temperature in the soil. The soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available P, available K and total K in the CT2 group increased significantly with the increase of temperature, and the change trend of soil pH was different, which showed that the 2400 m in the transplant gradient was significantly higher than the other gradient, but there was no significant difference between the other gradients, and the soil pH, organic matter, total phosphorus, total potassium and available nitrogen in the CK group were pH. The change trend is different and there are significant differences. It shows that the influence of climatic vegetation and other factors on soil physical and chemical properties is stronger, but single temperature change has a weak influence on soil physical and chemical properties. There are differences in soil mites community composition in different treatment groups. Tectocepheus is the common dominant group of 3 treatment groups, red mite. Family (Erythacidae) is the dominant group in CT1 and CT2 groups, CT1, CT2 and CK have specific groups 13,3 and 42 genera respectively. The total and total number of groups are CK (107 genera 1755) CT1 (63 genera 1026) CT2 (26 genera 476). Principal component analysis (PCA) results show that CT1 group gradient 3200, 2800, 2400, 2000, and 1600 soil mites structure differences Obviously, the soil mite community structure of 3200 m in the CT2 group was similar to that of 2800 m and 2400 m. The soil mite community structure in the CK group was 3200 m, 2800 m, 2000 m and 1600 m, while the altitude 2400 m and 2800 and 2000 community structure were similar. The observation results showed climate change. The density of soil mite communities in CT1 and CT2 groups increased significantly with the increase of temperature, but the trend of density variation in the CK group was different from 2800 m to 1600 m, but it was still significantly higher than that of 3200 M. three groups. The number and Shannon-Wiener of the soil mites increased significantly with the increase of temperature. The community density, the group number and the Shannon-Wiener index of the three groups were all CKCT1CT2 (P0.01), and the evenness and dominance index had no obvious change trend. Diversity, the effect of temperature increase on Soil animals was more obvious than temperature, precipitation and litter. The response of different mites to climate change was different in the.CK group, and the diversity of mite community was the largest, and the difference of mite was the smallest. The structure and diversity of mite community in the CT1 group were the most. The change of mites was the weakest, and the structure and diversity of mite community in the CT2 group had the greatest change, and the change of the front mite was the weakest. The MI index of mite mites showed that the increase in temperature could also increase the number of predatory K- selection mites. The different mite was also affected by the environment, and the 3 treatments were all the most affected by the environment. It shows that mite is most sensitive to soil environmental changes and can be used as a indicator of climate change. The results of multiple regression analysis show that the soil mite communities in different.CT1 groups are affected by soil pH, effective potassium and temperature, and the soil mite community in group CT2 is affected by pH, total nitrogen and effective potassium. The effect of soil mite community in CK group was significantly affected by pH value, total nitrogen, total potassium, air humidity and soil temperature. The relationship between soil mites and environmental factors indicates that the effects of change or temperature, precipitation and vegetation on soil mite community can be influenced by the change of soil chemical properties. The results show that the combined effect of increasing temperature and its vegetation can change the composition of mite community in the forest soil, improve the community diversity and density, and promote the material circulation of the ecosystem, so the climate change will have a great influence on the structure and function of the soil ecosystem.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S714.3

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