本文選題：稻田水 + 亞急性毒性�。� 參考：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：丁草胺是用于防除稻田一年生禾本雜草的一類酰胺類傳導(dǎo)性除草劑,是稻田里使用量最大的除草劑之一,約占稻田除草劑使用量的50%~60%。丁草胺對(duì)禾本科的雜草具有選擇性,通過(guò)抑制雜草內(nèi)的蛋白質(zhì)的生成來(lái)達(dá)到除去雜草的目的。丁草胺通過(guò)噴施或者農(nóng)藥清洗水、藥瓶、藥袋亂丟亂棄直接進(jìn)入噴施區(qū)域或其他地表水體,也可以通過(guò)雨水或者灌溉水的沖刷將植物或者土壤粘粒吸附的農(nóng)藥沖刷入附近地表水和地下水中。隨著研究的深入,越來(lái)越多的研究結(jié)果表明,丁草胺的廣泛使用已經(jīng)對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境和人類健康構(gòu)成威脅。稻田水作為丁草胺對(duì)水體污染的主要載體,研究稻田水中丁草胺對(duì)水生生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響,在生態(tài)毒理學(xué)研究中具有重要的意義。本試驗(yàn)中選取了鯽魚作為研究對(duì)象,分別研究了丁草胺對(duì)鯽魚的急性毒性以及對(duì)背部肌肉、鰓、腎臟、肝臟內(nèi)四個(gè)不同的鯽魚組織內(nèi)的不同的四種酶超氧化物歧化物酶(SOD)、過(guò)氧化氫酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽過(guò)氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(GPT)活性的影響。研究結(jié)果表明:⑴稻田水中除草劑丁草胺對(duì)鯽魚的24h-LC50、48h-LC50、96h-LC50分別為1262μg/L、990μg/L、820μg/L,安全濃度為82μg/L。此結(jié)果按照農(nóng)藥毒性的分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以得出,丁草胺對(duì)魚類是高毒性的農(nóng)藥。⑵高濃度的丁草胺對(duì)鯽魚各組織器官內(nèi)SOD具有顯著的抑制作用(p0.05),較高濃度丁草胺對(duì)鯽魚腎臟和肝臟內(nèi)SOD具有抑制作用(p0.05),低濃度的丁草胺對(duì)各組織SOD的影響較小,對(duì)肝臟還存在著抑制作用(p0.05)。⑶高濃度丁草胺對(duì)鯽魚背部肌肉和肝臟的CAT具有一定的抑制作用(p0.05),對(duì)鰓和腎臟內(nèi)的CAT具有誘導(dǎo)作用(p0.05)。較高濃度丁草胺除對(duì)肌肉內(nèi)的CAT具有抑制作用(p0.05)外,對(duì)鰓、腎臟和肝臟內(nèi)的CAT具有誘導(dǎo)作用(p0.05)。⑷高濃度丁草胺對(duì)肌肉內(nèi)、肝臟內(nèi)的GSH-Px呈現(xiàn)誘導(dǎo)作用(p0.05)。較高濃度丁草胺對(duì)肌肉內(nèi)GSH-Px呈現(xiàn)誘導(dǎo)作用(p0.05),對(duì)鰓、腎臟、肝臟內(nèi)的GSH-Px呈現(xiàn)部分誘導(dǎo)(p0.05)。低濃度組丁草胺只有對(duì)肝臟內(nèi)的GSH-Px出現(xiàn)抑制作用(p0.05),其他器官均為誘導(dǎo)作用(p0.05)。⑸高濃度的丁草胺會(huì)破壞鯽魚機(jī)體對(duì)GPT酶活性,較高濃度和低濃度的丁草胺能夠誘導(dǎo)GPT酶活性,呈顯著性差異(p0.05)。⑹將受試鯽魚的清水中恢復(fù)7天后,高濃度組對(duì)鯽魚各組織酶的影響不能完全恢復(fù),可能已經(jīng)對(duì)機(jī)體造成不可逆的損傷;較高濃度組的鯽魚各組織內(nèi)的酶指標(biāo)比高濃度組的酶指標(biāo)恢復(fù)的程度好,低濃度基本恢復(fù)到正常水平,說(shuō)明低濃度的丁草胺對(duì)鯽魚機(jī)體不造成損傷,或者損傷具有可逆性。
[Abstract]:Butachlor, one of the most widely used herbicides in rice fields, is a kind of amide conductive herbicides used to control annual weeds in paddy fields, accounting for about 50% of the total amount of herbicides used in rice fields. Butachlor is selective to weeds of Gramineae and can be removed by inhibiting the production of proteins in weeds. Butachlor enters the sprayed area or other surface water directly by spraying or pesticide cleaning water, bottles, bags and discards, Pesticides adsorbed by plant or soil clay particles can also be washed into nearby surface water and groundwater through Rain Water or irrigation water scouring. With the deepening of the research, more and more research results show that the widespread use of butachlor has posed a threat to the ecological environment and human health. As the main carrier of water pollution caused by butachlor, it is of great significance to study the effect of butachlor on aquatic ecological environment. The acute toxicity of butachlor to crucian carp and back muscle, Gill and kidney were studied. The effects of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (cat), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutamate-pyruvate aminotransferase (GPT) on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (cat), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutamate-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were observed in The results showed that the 24 h-LC50 48h-LC5096 h-LC50 of 1 rice field water herbicide butachlor was 1262 渭 g / L 990 渭 g 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1), and the safe concentration was 82 渭 g / L ~ (-1). This result can be obtained according to the classification criteria of pesticide toxicity, Butachlor is a highly toxic pesticide in fish .2 High concentration of butachlor has a significant inhibitory effect on SOD in tissues and organs of crucian carp (p0.05), higher concentration of butachlor can inhibit SOD in kidney and liver of crucian carp (p0.05), and low concentration of butachlor can inhibit SOD in kidney and liver of crucian carp (p0.05). Butachlor had little effect on SOD. There was also inhibitory effect on liver (p0.05). 3. 3 high concentration butachlor could inhibit cat in dorsal muscle and liver of crucian carp (p0.05), and induce cat in Gill and kidney (p0.05). The higher concentration of butachlor not only inhibited cat in muscle (p0.05), but also induced cat in Gill, kidney and liver (p0.05). 4 the GSH-Px in muscle and liver was induced by high concentration of butachlor (p0.05). The higher concentration of butachlor induced GSH-Px in muscle (p0.05), and partially in Gill, kidney and liver (p0.05). In low concentration group, only GSH-Px in liver was inhibited (p0.05), but in other organs (p0.05), high concentration of butachlor (p0.05) destroyed the activity of GPT in crucian carp, higher concentration and lower concentration of butachlor could induce GPT activity. There was significant difference (p0.05) .6 after the fish was recovered in water for 7 days, the effect of high concentration group on the enzymes of crucian carp tissues could not be completely recovered, which may have caused irreversible damage to the body. The enzyme indexes in the tissues of the crucian carp in the higher concentration group recovered better than those in the high concentration group, and the low concentration basically returned to the normal level, indicating that the low concentration of butachlor did not cause damage to the body of crucian carp, or the damage was reversible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X592

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 范立民,陳家長(zhǎng),吳偉,瞿建宏,馬曉燕,胡庚東;4種除草劑對(duì)黃鱔遺傳毒性的研究[J];農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2005年04期

2 唐學(xué)璽,張培玉;蒽對(duì)黑魚君超氧化物歧化酶活性的影響[J];水產(chǎn)學(xué)報(bào);2000年03期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 陳社明;吉林西部淺層地下水系統(tǒng)對(duì)旱改水工程的響應(yīng)研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2013年

，

本文編號(hào)：2079469