本文選題：潛力級 + 空間格局��； 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土地生產(chǎn)力是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的基礎(chǔ)和條件,是解決經(jīng)濟(jì)、人口、資源、糧食之間矛盾的不容忽視的因素。隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展以及人口的不斷增長,人類生存給土地資源帶來的壓力與日俱增,國家已把如何調(diào)整三大產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、開發(fā)高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)以及如何解決經(jīng)濟(jì)增長與資源之間的矛盾放在了突出位置,生態(tài)環(huán)境的改善問題更是重中之重。想要切實(shí)解決區(qū)域性的用地矛盾、解決對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的需求以及日益惡化的耕地質(zhì)量等等諸多問題,就要充分運(yùn)用空間信息技術(shù)對各個區(qū)域的土地生產(chǎn)能力和利用情況進(jìn)行建庫分析并實(shí)施動態(tài)監(jiān)測,基于GIS平臺適宜的土地生產(chǎn)潛力評價應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,在理論上堅持地理信息系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)用,有針對性、目的性的研究農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)域土地資源生產(chǎn)潛力�？梢詾檗r(nóng)地資源的進(jìn)一步研究提供數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ),也為農(nóng)地制度的政策推廣提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。本研究以地理信息系統(tǒng)(GIS)作為主要的技術(shù)手段,以農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)區(qū)法以及“機(jī)制法”為基礎(chǔ),嘗試構(gòu)建土地自然生產(chǎn)潛力的區(qū)域差異性模擬模型,最終得到各類指標(biāo)的空間分布圖,并將最終得到的土地生產(chǎn)潛力按等級進(jìn)行劃分,對其空間的分布加以分析。同時分析富錦市農(nóng)區(qū)的土地自然生產(chǎn)潛力的空間格局及與產(chǎn)能差異,最后結(jié)合富錦市各區(qū)域的實(shí)際情況提出幾點(diǎn)建議。研究的主要內(nèi)容和成果如下:(1)本文綜合了光、溫、水、土等自然生態(tài)因子,采用混合模型逐步衰減的方法對研究區(qū)內(nèi)的三種主要作物進(jìn)行土地生產(chǎn)潛力的估算。在計算過程中對能量轉(zhuǎn)換系數(shù)、作物經(jīng)濟(jì)系數(shù)、等相關(guān)參數(shù)進(jìn)行修正,得到各作物的光合生產(chǎn)潛力;運(yùn)用孫惠南的有效系數(shù)模型,計算得到作物的光溫生產(chǎn)潛力;依據(jù)土地的實(shí)際蒸散量和作物需水量得到氣候生產(chǎn)潛力;根據(jù)層次分析法和綜合因素分析法,借鑒相關(guān)專家意見將黑土層厚度、有機(jī)質(zhì)含量、質(zhì)地、土壤排水等七種指標(biāo)進(jìn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化并獲得權(quán)重,對各潛力單元的土地生產(chǎn)潛力加以計算,最終得到富錦市玉米、水稻、大豆的土地生產(chǎn)潛力空間分布圖。改進(jìn)后的計算模型與原模型相比衰減程度較大,在計算結(jié)果上更為接近實(shí)際的作物產(chǎn)量,對當(dāng)?shù)氐纳a(chǎn)和產(chǎn)能評估提供了一定的參考。(2)取土壤有效系數(shù)作為土地生產(chǎn)潛力分級的指標(biāo),將富錦市農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)域耕地的生產(chǎn)潛力劃分為六個等級,并對生產(chǎn)潛力的空間格局進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析。從各作物的土地生產(chǎn)潛力分布來看,富錦市農(nóng)區(qū)屬于玉米優(yōu)質(zhì)地區(qū),大面積種植玉米作物能夠取得高產(chǎn),而相比之下在東北部地區(qū)玉米的生產(chǎn)潛力較小,因而不適宜種植;水稻的生產(chǎn)潛力差異及分異特征較為顯著,北部地區(qū)水稻生產(chǎn)潛力相對較小,中部地區(qū)水稻生產(chǎn)潛力較大,南部地區(qū)次之;大豆生產(chǎn)潛力則相對均一,研究區(qū)整體均較為適合種植大豆,但較之玉米、水稻作物單產(chǎn)較低,這也是大豆種植面積逐年減少的原因之一。(3)由土地生產(chǎn)潛力產(chǎn)出率的計算結(jié)果可知,各鎮(zhèn)玉米的實(shí)際產(chǎn)量均已超出了估算的土地生產(chǎn)潛力,其中向陽川鎮(zhèn)的產(chǎn)出率最高,說明研究區(qū)域內(nèi)實(shí)際的氣候條件以及土壤條件更適于該種作物的生長,無論是土地的利用程度還是投入水平都相對較高;水稻的土地生產(chǎn)潛力接近其實(shí)際產(chǎn)量,產(chǎn)出率接近1且波動較小,土地的開發(fā)利用狀況較為合理;而大豆的土地生產(chǎn)潛力均大于實(shí)際產(chǎn)量,表現(xiàn)出研究區(qū)內(nèi)土地利用的狀況未能達(dá)到理想程度,加強(qiáng)農(nóng)田的設(shè)施建設(shè),改善土壤條件,大豆的產(chǎn)量將會有一定的提升空間。
[Abstract]:Land productivity is the basis and condition of agricultural production. It is a non neglecting factor to solve the contradiction between economy, population, resources and grain. With the rapid development of China's economy and the increasing population, the pressure of human survival to land resources is increasing. The country has already adjusted the three major industrial structures and developed high and new technology. The problem of the industry and how to solve the contradiction between economic growth and resources has been placed in a prominent position, and the improvement of the ecological environment is the most important. In order to solve the regional contradiction of land use, to solve the demand for agricultural production and the deteriorating quality of cultivated land, we should make full use of space information technology to each other. The land production capacity and utilization of the region are analyzed and dynamic monitoring is carried out. The suitability of the land production potential evaluation based on the GIS platform arises at the historic moment. In theory, the application of geographic information system is adhered to, and the purpose is to study the potential of land resources in the agricultural region. Based on the geographic information system (GIS) as the main technical means, based on the agro ecological area method and the "mechanism law", this study tries to build a regional difference simulation model of the natural production potential of the land, and finally obtains the spatial distribution map of various indexes, and will be used in the study. The final land production potential is classified by grade, and the distribution of its space is analyzed. At the same time, the spatial pattern of the natural production potential of the land in Fujin agricultural area and the difference with the productivity are analyzed. Finally, some suggestions are put forward in combination with the actual conditions of various regions in Fujin. The main contents and results of the study are as follows: (1) this paper synthesizes the light. The natural ecological factors such as temperature, water, soil and other natural ecological factors are used to estimate the land production potential of three major crops in the study area by the method of mixed models gradually attenuating. In the calculation process, the energy conversion coefficient, crop economic coefficient, and other related parameters are corrected to obtain the photosynthetic production potential of each crop; the effective coefficient of Sun Huinan is used. According to the analytic hierarchy process and comprehensive factor analysis, seven indexes, such as the thickness of the black soil, the content of organic matter, the quality of the soil, the water discharge and so on, are normalized and the weight is obtained. The land production potential of the force unit is calculated, and the spatial distribution map of the land production potential of maize, rice and soybean in Fujin is finally obtained. The improved calculation model is more attenuated compared with the original model, which is closer to the actual crop yield in the calculation results, and provides a certain reference for the local production and productivity evaluation. (2) (2) As the index of land production potential classification, the soil efficiency is divided into six grades, and the spatial pattern of production potential is analyzed in detail. From the distribution of land production potential of each crop, the agricultural region of Fujin belongs to the high quality area of jade rice, and the large area planting corn crops can be taken from the Fujin. The production potential of maize is relatively small in the northeastern region, and it is not suitable for planting in the northeastern region, so it is not suitable for planting. The potential difference and differentiation of rice production potential are relatively significant, the rice production potential in the northern region is relatively small, the rice production potential in the central region is larger, the southern region is second, the soybean production potential is relatively uniform, and the research area is as a whole. It is more suitable for planting soybean, but compared with corn, the yield of rice crops is low, which is one of the reasons for the decrease of soybean planting area. (3) the calculation results of the yield of land production potential show that the actual yield of corn in each town has exceeded the estimated land production potential, among which the output rate to Yang Chuan town is the highest, indicating the research area. The actual climatic conditions and soil conditions in the field are more suitable for the growth of the crop, whether the land use degree or the input level are relatively high; the rice land production potential is close to its actual yield, the output rate is close to 1 and the fluctuation is smaller, the land development and utilization is more reasonable; and the land production potential of soybean is all large. The actual production shows that the situation of land use in the research area has not reached the level of ideal, and the construction of farmland and the soil conditions will be improved, and the yield of soybean will have some room for improvement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F323.211

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 劉揚(yáng);賈樹海;那波;;土地生產(chǎn)潛力計算方法研究[J];中國農(nóng)學(xué)通報;2005年12期

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本文編號：2071122