本文選題：持續(xù)干旱 + 干旱程度　； 參考：《應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào)》2017年05期

【摘要】：為了探究不同生長(zhǎng)階段土壤水分含量持續(xù)下降過(guò)程對(duì)玉米生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和產(chǎn)量形成的影響,通過(guò)設(shè)置遮雨棚人工控水試驗(yàn),分析不同生長(zhǎng)階段持續(xù)干旱條件下玉米株高、葉面積指數(shù)(LAI)、光合性能、地上生物量和產(chǎn)量等生理生態(tài)指標(biāo)的動(dòng)態(tài)變化.試驗(yàn)因素為控水時(shí)段和控水持續(xù)時(shí)間,從拔節(jié)普遍期開(kāi)始分別控水20(T_1)和27d(T_2),從抽雄普遍期開(kāi)始控水20(T_3)和27d(T_4),加上不控水對(duì)照(CK),共5個(gè)處理.結(jié)果表明:持續(xù)干旱導(dǎo)致植株葉片卷曲、打綹,下部葉片衰老加快,對(duì)LAI影響較大,從而降低生物量的累積與籽粒產(chǎn)量.T_1~T_4處理結(jié)束時(shí)LAI分別為CK的74.9%、68.2%、60.5%和48.3%.玉米植株在經(jīng)歷持續(xù)控水后,葉片最大凈光合速率(P_(n max))逐漸下降,T_1(T_3)和T_2(T_4)處理結(jié)束時(shí)P_(n max)分別降至CK的23%及不足10%,復(fù)水2周后,P_(n max)能恢復(fù)到CK的90%左右.T_1和T_2處理產(chǎn)量較CK分別下降18.5%和24.0%,T_3和T_4處理分別減產(chǎn)41.6%和45.8%.抽雄期持續(xù)干旱對(duì)玉米地上生物量及產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成的影響大于拔節(jié)期干旱.干旱程度(D)能夠定量表示土壤干旱狀況,與玉米減產(chǎn)率存在線性定量關(guān)系,可通過(guò)計(jì)算D來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)玉米的減產(chǎn)情況.
[Abstract]:In order to investigate the effect of the continuous decline of soil moisture content in different growth stages on maize growth and yield formation, the plant height of maize was analyzed under the condition of continuous drought in different growth stages by artificial water control experiment in a rain shelter. Dynamic changes of leaf area index (Lai), photosynthetic performance, aboveground biomass and yield. The experimental factors were water control period and water control duration. From the universal jointing stage, water control 20 (T _ (1) and 27 d (T _ (2), 20 (T _ (3) and 27 d (T _ 4) from the general stage of blooming, and (2) from the uncontrolled water control (CK) were treated. The results showed that continuous drought resulted in leaf curl, grain breaking and leaf senescence in lower part, which had a great influence on Lai, thus reducing biomass accumulation and grain yield. T1T4 treatment ended with Lai being 74.9% 68.2% and 48.3% of CK at the end of treatment, respectively. Maize plants experienced continuous water control, The maximum net photosynthetic rate (P _ (n max) of the leaves decreased gradually. At the end of the treatment, P _ (n max) decreased to 23% and less than 10% of CK, respectively. After two weeks of rehydration, the yield of P _ (n max) returned to about 90% of CK. T1 and T _ 2 decreased the yield of the treatment by 18.5% and 24.00% respectively. The yield decreased by 41.6% and 45.8% respectively. The effect of continuous drought at heading stage on aboveground biomass and yield composition of maize was greater than that at jointing stage. The degree of drought (D) can quantitatively represent the soil drought and has a linear quantitative relationship with the yield of maize yield, and can be calculated to predict the yield of maize.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)氣象局沈陽(yáng)大氣環(huán)境研究所;中國(guó)氣象局氣象干部培訓(xùn)學(xué)院遼寧分院;
【基金】：遼寧省農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域青年科技創(chuàng)新人才培養(yǎng)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2014060,2015060) 遼寧省農(nóng)業(yè)攻關(guān)及成果產(chǎn)業(yè)化項(xiàng)目(2014210003)資助~~
【分類號(hào)】：S423;S513

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