本文選題：覆蓋方式 + 砂壤土�。� 參考：《蘭州理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：西北地區(qū)降雨稀少,蒸發(fā)強(qiáng)烈,土壤水分易通過(guò)大氣蒸發(fā)而損失,水分難以保持。而土壤表面采用覆蓋處理可避免土壤直接與空氣接觸,減小因蒸騰作用造成的水分損失,改變表層土壤的結(jié)構(gòu)和理化性質(zhì),進(jìn)而影響到土壤水分入滲、蒸發(fā)和鹽分運(yùn)移的過(guò)程。本研究擬通過(guò)室內(nèi)外模擬實(shí)驗(yàn),設(shè)覆砂(S)、覆膜+覆砂(MS)、覆砂+覆秸稈(SJ)、覆膜+覆秸稈(MJ)和無(wú)覆蓋(CK)這5種方式,對(duì)不同覆蓋方式下砂壤土水鹽運(yùn)移規(guī)律展開(kāi)對(duì)比研究。主要內(nèi)容有:(1)通過(guò)室內(nèi)土柱模擬實(shí)驗(yàn),對(duì)比研究了不同覆蓋方式對(duì)砂壤土水分入滲規(guī)律的影響。結(jié)果表明:土壤表面采用覆蓋處理會(huì)影響濕潤(rùn)鋒推進(jìn)距離與累積入滲量,抑制土壤水分的入滲能力,對(duì)水分入滲具有一定阻滲作用,其表現(xiàn)為覆膜+覆砂最強(qiáng),覆膜+覆秸稈次之,其次為覆砂+覆秸稈,覆砂最弱。同時(shí),土壤水分入滲形成濕潤(rùn)鋒的推進(jìn)距離與時(shí)間符合冪函數(shù)關(guān)系,相關(guān)系數(shù)介于0.9930~0.9991;土壤水分累積入滲量與時(shí)間符合Kostiakov入滲公式,相關(guān)系數(shù)介于0.9916~0.9980;濕潤(rùn)鋒推進(jìn)距離與累積入滲量符合線性關(guān)系,相關(guān)系數(shù)介于0.9991~0.9999。(2)通過(guò)室外蒸發(fā)模擬實(shí)驗(yàn),對(duì)比研究了不同覆蓋方式對(duì)砂壤土水分蒸發(fā)規(guī)律的影響。結(jié)果表明:土壤表面采用覆蓋處理的蒸發(fā)變化趨勢(shì)和CK的基本一致,只是覆蓋處理的蒸發(fā)變化趨勢(shì)較平緩,CK處理的蒸發(fā)變化趨勢(shì)起伏較大。同時(shí),覆蓋處理的累積蒸發(fā)量均小于小于CK的,S、MS、SJ、MJ和CK處理的累積蒸發(fā)量分別為450.6g、375.1g、712.2g、473.3g和1823.6g,與CK相比,覆蓋處理的累積蒸發(fā)量分別減小了75.30%、79.40%、60.90%、74.00%,表明土壤表面采用覆蓋處理會(huì)對(duì)土壤水分的蒸發(fā)產(chǎn)生抑制作用。土壤水分累積蒸發(fā)量與時(shí)間符合對(duì)數(shù)關(guān)系,相關(guān)系數(shù)介于0.9243~0.9800。(3)通過(guò)在5塊面積均為1m2的正方形小區(qū)域內(nèi)進(jìn)行的室外模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)和室內(nèi)土柱模擬實(shí)驗(yàn),對(duì)比研究了不同覆蓋方式對(duì)砂壤土水鹽運(yùn)移規(guī)律的影響。結(jié)果表明:土壤表面采用不同覆蓋處理均具有明顯的蓄水保墑效果,其保水效果為MSSJSMJ。同時(shí),土壤表面采用的覆蓋處理也能有效抑制土壤鹽分向表層積聚,并對(duì)土壤鹽分的垂向運(yùn)移范圍產(chǎn)生影響。有覆蓋處理的土壤鹽分的運(yùn)移主要在0~20cm范圍內(nèi)發(fā)生,無(wú)覆蓋處理的土壤鹽分的運(yùn)移主要在0~35cm范圍內(nèi)發(fā)生。這對(duì)改良鹽漬化土壤和防治土壤的次生鹽漬化有著重要的意義。(4)通過(guò)室內(nèi)外模擬實(shí)驗(yàn),對(duì)比分析了土壤表面采用不同覆蓋處理對(duì)土壤水分入滲、蒸發(fā)和鹽分運(yùn)移規(guī)律的影響,以及考慮到實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)氣候特征和該地區(qū)砂石資源容易獲取的特點(diǎn),認(rèn)為砂石覆蓋方式是更適合西北地區(qū)的覆蓋方式。
[Abstract]:In Northwest China, rainfall is rare, evaporation is strong, soil moisture is easily lost through atmospheric evaporation, water is difficult to maintain. Soil surface mulching can avoid the direct contact between soil and air, reduce the water loss caused by transpiration, change the structure and physical and chemical properties of surface soil, and then affect the process of soil water infiltration, evaporation and salt migration. Through the indoor and outdoor simulation experiments, this paper presents a comparative study on the water and salt migration of sandy loam under different mulching modes, including sand covering (S), mulching sand (MS), mulching straw (SJ), mulching straw (MJ) and no mulching (CK). The main contents are as follows: (1) the effects of different mulching methods on the infiltration law of sandy loam soil were studied by laboratory soil column simulation experiment. The results showed that mulching treatment on soil surface affected the advance distance and cumulative infiltration amount of soil moisture front, inhibited the infiltration ability of soil water, and had a certain effect on water infiltration, which was the strongest in mulching sand. The second was mulching straw, followed by sand mulching straw, sand is the weakest. At the same time, the advancing distance and time of forming wetting front of soil moisture infiltration accord with power function, the correlation coefficient is between 0.9930 and 0.9991, and the cumulative infiltration amount and time of soil water infiltration accord with Kostiakov infiltration formula. The correlation coefficient is between 0.9916 and 0.9980, and the relation between the advancing distance of wetting front and the cumulative infiltration is linear, and the correlation coefficient is between 0.9991 and 0.999. (2) the effects of different mulching methods on the water evaporation law of sandy loam soil are compared through outdoor evaporation simulation experiments. The results showed that the evaporation change trend of soil surface treated by mulching treatment was basically consistent with that of CK, but the trend of evaporation change of mulching treatment was larger than that of CK treatment. At the same time, the accumulative evaporation of the mulching treatment was less than that of the control, the accumulative evaporation of the treatments were 450.6 g / g ~ 375.1g / g ~ 712.2g / g ~ 473.3g and 1823.6g / g, respectively. The cumulative evaporation of mulching treatment decreased 75.30% 79.400.90% and 74.00% respectively, which indicated that soil surface mulching treatment could inhibit soil water evaporation. The cumulative evaporation of soil moisture was in logarithmic relation with the correlation coefficient between 0.9243 and 0.98000.3.The results of outdoor simulation and indoor soil-column simulation were carried out in five small square areas with 1m2 area. The effects of different mulching methods on water and salt migration in sandy loam were studied. The results showed that the soil surface with different mulching treatments had obvious effect of water storage and moisture conservation, and its water retention effect was MSSJSMJ. At the same time, the mulching treatment of soil surface can also effectively inhibit the accumulation of soil salt to the surface, and have an effect on the vertical migration range of soil salt. The salt migration of soil with mulch treatment occurred mainly in 0~20cm range, and that of soil salt with no mulching treatment mainly occurred in 0~35cm range. It is of great significance to improve the salinized soil and control the secondary salinization of soil. (4) through indoor and outdoor simulation experiments, the effects of different mulching treatments on soil water infiltration, evaporation and salt migration are compared and analyzed. Taking into account the climatic characteristics of the experimental area and the easy to obtain the sand and stone resources in this area, it is considered that the sand and stone cover is more suitable for the northwest region.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S152.7

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