本文選題：夏玉米 + 高產(chǎn)田　； 參考：《河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著人口數(shù)量的增長,糧食安全問題日趨嚴峻,在耕地數(shù)量有限的前提下,如何提高糧食單產(chǎn)是我們研究的主要問題,玉米是我國糧食的重要作物,潛在的玉米產(chǎn)量和實際產(chǎn)量的差距,有助于進一步提高農(nóng)戶的產(chǎn)量。玉米有3/5的養(yǎng)分都從土壤獲得,高產(chǎn)田與低產(chǎn)田在土壤性狀方面存在著一些差異。試驗以河北省太行山山麓平原、低平原農(nóng)區(qū)現(xiàn)有玉米高產(chǎn)田和對照田為研究對象,通過實地調(diào)查和采樣測定相結(jié)合的方法,分析影響玉米高產(chǎn)的主要因素,對比高產(chǎn)田和對照田土壤的物理、化學(xué)和生物學(xué)性質(zhì),揭示高產(chǎn)田土壤肥力特征,為培育高產(chǎn)玉米糧田提供理論依據(jù)。本論文的主要結(jié)論如下:(1)太行山山麓平原的光溫生產(chǎn)潛力是12764.65kg/hm~2,與大田農(nóng)戶的平均產(chǎn)量的差值為4916.25 kg/hm~2,高產(chǎn)田與大田農(nóng)戶平均值的差值為2224.80 kg/hm~2。低平原農(nóng)區(qū)的光溫生產(chǎn)潛力為12667.75 kg/hm~2,與農(nóng)戶平均產(chǎn)量的差值為5217.42 kg/hm~2,高產(chǎn)田與農(nóng)戶的差值為1639.34 kg/hm~2,說明兩個區(qū)都有很大的增產(chǎn)潛力。(2)農(nóng)戶使用的品種雜多,且混亂,農(nóng)戶使用的品種不同,產(chǎn)量沒有差異性。肥料施用量大,氮肥的平均施用量為245.60 kg/hm~2,磷肥的平均施用量115.47 kg/hm~2,鉀肥的平均施用量為93.12 kg/hm~2。養(yǎng)分比例為1:0.47:0.39,而玉米施肥的最適合的養(yǎng)分比例為1:0.33:0.41。農(nóng)戶的施肥比例不符合玉米需求。肥料的偏生產(chǎn)力為16.80kg/kg,雖然肥料的施用不合理,養(yǎng)分利用率低,但品種和施肥量并不是造成產(chǎn)量差異的主要原因。播期和播種密度不同時產(chǎn)量有顯著性差異。在6月13日-16日播種的農(nóng)戶平均產(chǎn)量最高為為9735.5kg/hm~2,分別比6月9日-12日和6月17-19日高11.84%和6.45%。利用Boundary line邊界產(chǎn)量方法得出土壤肥力因子對產(chǎn)量有一定的貢獻率,其中土壤容重、土壤有機質(zhì)、速效磷、速效鉀、微生物量碳和土壤蔗糖酶對產(chǎn)量的影響率分別為4%、12%、16%、8%、10%和12%。(3)太行山山麓平原農(nóng)區(qū)與低平原農(nóng)區(qū)的土壤肥力特性為:物理性質(zhì)表現(xiàn)為高產(chǎn)田的土壤容重要顯著小于對照田,太行山山麓平原農(nóng)區(qū)0-30cm土層對照田比高產(chǎn)田土壤容重高2.42%;土壤孔隙度高產(chǎn)田比對照田顯著高2.45%。田間持水量高產(chǎn)田要比對照田高2.06%,但是差異不顯著。低平原農(nóng)區(qū)0-30cm土層中對照田要比高產(chǎn)田的土壤容重顯著高4.07%;土壤總孔隙度高產(chǎn)田比對照田高顯著3.92%;田間持水量高產(chǎn)田要比對照田高2.51%,但差異不顯著。兩大區(qū)的粉粘比都是高產(chǎn)田大于對照田。總體來說高產(chǎn)田的土質(zhì)較為疏松多孔。化學(xué)性質(zhì)表現(xiàn)為高產(chǎn)田的土質(zhì)較為松散,土壤偏堿性,大部分指標(biāo)的含量隨土壤深度的增加而逐漸減少,土壤全氮、有機質(zhì)、速效鉀、速效磷等表現(xiàn)為高產(chǎn)田大于對照田。但是高產(chǎn)田與對照田的差異性不顯著,在0-30cm土層中全氮和有機質(zhì)是太行山山麓平原高產(chǎn)田和對照田分別比低平原農(nóng)區(qū)高15.73%、9.52%和20.77%和33.51%。速效磷和速效鉀是低平原農(nóng)區(qū)高產(chǎn)田和對照田分別比太行山山麓平原高43.33%、58.57%和23.16%和5.34%。土壤的生物學(xué)性質(zhì)表現(xiàn)為,土壤蔗糖酶、過氧化氫酶、磷酸酶的含量均表現(xiàn)在高產(chǎn)田的含量要大于對照田,但是差異不顯著。脲酶的含量高產(chǎn)田和對照田有差異。在0-30cm層高產(chǎn)田的脲酶含量要普遍小于對照田的脲酶含量。土壤微生物氮和碳高產(chǎn)田和對照田有顯著差異,高產(chǎn)田的土壤微生物氮、碳的含量要大于對照田的含量,且隨土層深度的增加,含量在逐漸降低。
[Abstract]:With the increase of population, the problem of grain security is becoming more and more serious. On the premise of the limited number of cultivated land, how to improve the grain yield is the main problem we study. Corn is an important crop of grain in China. The gap between potential corn yield and actual output helps to improve the output of farmers. The nutrients of 3/5 are all from the corn. There are some differences in soil properties of soil, high yield field and low yield field. The main factors that affect high yield of maize are analyzed by the method of field investigation and sampling and measurement in the plain of Taihang Mountain Piedmont and low plain area of Hebei province. The main factors affecting the high yield of maize are analyzed, and the high yield fields and the control are compared. The physical, chemical and biological properties of the field soil reveal the characteristics of soil fertility in high yield fields and provide theoretical basis for the cultivation of high yield corn grain fields. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the potential of light temperature production in the Taihang Mountain piedmont plain is 12764.65kg/hm~2, and the difference between the flat average yield of the farmers in the field is 4916.25 kg/hm~2, and the high yield field and the field farmer are in high yield. The difference of the average value of the average value is 2224.80 kg/hm~2. in the low plain agricultural region, the light and temperature production potential is 12667.75 kg/hm~2, the difference between the average output of the farmers and the farmers is 5217.42 kg/hm~2, the difference between the high yield field and the farmers is 1639.34 kg/hm~2, indicating that the two regions have great potential for increasing production. (2) the variety of the farmers used is mixed and confused, and the varieties used by the farmers do not. There is no difference in yield. The fertilizer application amount is large, the average application amount of nitrogen fertilizer is 245.60 kg/hm~2, the average application amount of phosphate fertilizer is 115.47 kg/hm~2, the average application amount of potassium fertilizer is 93.12 kg/hm~2. nutrient ratio 1:0.47:0.39, and the proportion of the most suitable nutrient for maize fertilization is 1:0.33:0.41. farmers, and the fertilizer proportion is not in conformity with the corn demand. The partial productivity of the material was 16.80kg/kg. Although the application of fertilizer was unreasonable and the utilization rate of nutrient was low, the main reason for the yield difference was not the variety and the amount of fertilizer. The average yield of the sowing date and the sowing density in the June 13th -16 day was 9735.5kg/hm~2, respectively, compared with the June 9th and 6 of the June 9th. The 17-19 day high 11.84% and 6.45%. use the Boundary line boundary yield method to conclude that soil fertility factors have a certain contribution to yield. The effects of soil bulk weight, soil organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, microbial biomass carbon and soil invertase on yield are 4%, 12%, 16%, 8%, 10% and 12%. (3) in the Taihang Mountain piedmont plain and low area. The soil fertility characteristic of the plain farming area is that the soil capacity of the high yield field is significantly less than that of the control field. The 0-30cm soil layer in the Taihang Mountain piedmont plain is higher than the high yield field soil bulk density, and the soil porosity high yield field is higher than the control field by 2.45%., and the field water holding capacity is higher than the control field, but the difference is 2.06% higher than that of the control field, but the difference is different, but the difference is higher than the control field. The control field in the 0-30cm soil layer in the low level agricultural area was significantly higher than the soil bulk density in the high yield field, and the soil total porosity and high yield field was 3.92% higher than the control field, and the field water holding capacity was 2.51% higher than the control field, but the difference was not significant. The high yield field in the two major areas was higher than the control field. In general, the soil quality of the high yield field. The chemical properties show that the soil of high yield field is looser and the soil is alkaline, and the content of most indexes gradually decreases with the increase of soil depth. The soil total nitrogen, organic matter, available potassium and available phosphorus are higher than the control field. But the difference of high yield fields with the control field is not significant, in the 0-30cm soil layer. The total nitrogen and organic matter are 15.73% high, 9.52% and 20.77% and 20.77% and 33.51%. of high yield and 20.77% and 20.77% and 20.77% and 9.52% in the low plain, respectively, and 43.33%, 58.57% and 23.16% and 5.34%., respectively. The content of the enzyme and phosphatase in the high yield field is higher than that in the control field, but the difference is not significant. The urease content is different from the control field. The urease content in the high yield field of the 0-30cm layer is generally smaller than the urease content in the control field. The soil microbial nitrogen and the carbon high yield field and the control field are significantly different, and the high yield fields are in high yield. The content of soil microbial nitrogen and carbon is higher than that of control field, and the content decreases with the increase of soil depth.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S158.2

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)會議論文 前1條

1 孫東磊;劉連濤;梁鈺;楊永勝;李存東;;邢臺地區(qū)夏玉米生產(chǎn)氣候脆弱性分析[A];糧食安全與現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)氣象業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展——2008年全國農(nóng)業(yè)氣象學(xué)術(shù)年會論文集[C];2008年

，

本文編號：2049299