發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-21 06:26

  本文選題：涌泉根灌 + 土壤容重�。� 參考：《農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào)》2017年08期

【摘要】：在室內(nèi)通過(guò)人工配置不同水平土壤容重(1.35、1.40、1.45、1.50 g/cm~3),用土箱進(jìn)行水肥入滲模擬試驗(yàn),研究土壤容重對(duì)累積入滲量、濕潤(rùn)鋒運(yùn)移、土壤水分以及銨態(tài)氮和硝態(tài)氮運(yùn)移的影響,建立以土壤容重和入滲時(shí)間為自變量,累積入滲量和各向濕潤(rùn)鋒運(yùn)移距離為因變量的經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ�。結(jié)果表明:土壤容重對(duì)累積入滲量、各向濕潤(rùn)鋒運(yùn)移距離及濕潤(rùn)體內(nèi)水分和氮素的分布、轉(zhuǎn)化均具有較為顯著的影響。隨著土壤容重的減小,累積入滲量、濕潤(rùn)鋒運(yùn)移距離、濕潤(rùn)體內(nèi)水分、銨態(tài)氮及硝態(tài)氮含量均呈增大趨勢(shì)。入滲系數(shù)K隨著土壤容重的增大而減小,入滲指數(shù)α隨著土壤容重的增大而增大;在同一時(shí)刻,濕潤(rùn)體內(nèi)銨態(tài)氮和硝態(tài)氮含量的平均值、變化量及轉(zhuǎn)化率均隨著土壤容重的增大而增大。距離灌水器越近,銨態(tài)氮、硝態(tài)氮含量越高;濕潤(rùn)體內(nèi)銨態(tài)氮分布主要集中在灌水器附近,隨著再分布進(jìn)行,濕潤(rùn)體內(nèi)銨態(tài)氮含量、轉(zhuǎn)化率逐漸減小,轉(zhuǎn)化量逐漸增加。灌水結(jié)束、再分布3、5、10、15、20 d條件下,以灌水結(jié)束時(shí)刻為基準(zhǔn),銨態(tài)氮含量降幅依次為2.34%、11.41%、34.22%、59.06%和73.75%。濕潤(rùn)體內(nèi)硝態(tài)氮分布區(qū)域與水分分布相似,隨著再分布進(jìn)行,濕潤(rùn)體內(nèi)硝態(tài)氮含量、轉(zhuǎn)化量逐漸增大,再分布15 d達(dá)到最大值;而轉(zhuǎn)化率呈現(xiàn)出先增大后減小的趨勢(shì),再分布10 d轉(zhuǎn)化率達(dá)到最大值。灌水結(jié)束、再分布3、5、10、15、20 d條件下,以灌水結(jié)束時(shí)刻為基準(zhǔn),濕潤(rùn)體內(nèi)硝態(tài)氮含量依次增加0.76%、60.12%、156.95%、204.68%和180.51%。土壤容重對(duì)涌泉根灌土壤水分和氮素運(yùn)移、分布及其轉(zhuǎn)化的影響均較為顯著。
[Abstract]:In the laboratory, soil bulk density of 1.35 ~ 1.405g / cm ~ (-3) and 1.50 g / cm ~ (-3) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (50) g / cm ~ (3) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (50) g / cm ~ (3) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ An empirical model with soil bulk density and infiltration time as independent variables, cumulative infiltration amount and migration distance of each wetting front as dependent variables was established. The results showed that the soil bulk density had a significant effect on the accumulation of infiltration, the migration distance to the wetting front, the distribution of water and nitrogen in the wetted body, and the transformation. With the decrease of soil bulk density, the cumulative infiltration amount, the migration distance of wetting front, the moisture in the wetted body, the contents of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen all showed an increasing trend. The infiltration coefficient K decreases with the increase of soil bulk density, and the infiltration index 偽 increases with the increase of soil bulk density. The change and conversion rate increased with the increase of soil bulk density. The closer to the emitter, the higher the content of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, the more concentrated the distribution of ammonium nitrogen in wetting body is near the emitter, with the redistribution, the conversion rate of ammonium nitrogen decreases and the transformation amount increases gradually. At the end of irrigation and the redistribution of water at the end of irrigation for 20 days, the content of ammonium nitrogen decreased by 2.34% 11.41% and 34.22% and 73.75%, respectively, according to the end time of irrigation. The distribution of nitrate nitrogen in wetted body was similar to that of water. With the redistribution, the content of nitrate nitrogen and the amount of transformation increased gradually, and reached the maximum value at 15 days after redistribution, and the conversion rate increased first and then decreased. The conversion rate reached the maximum value for 10 days after redistribution. At the end of irrigation, the distribution of nitrate nitrogen in moist body was increased by 0.76%, 60.12% and 156.95%, 204.68% and 180.51%, respectively, on the basis of the end time of irrigation. The effect of soil bulk density on soil water and nitrogen migration, distribution and transformation in root irrigation of Yongquan was significant.
【作者單位】： 西安理工大學(xué)水利水電學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFC0400204) 國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51279157、51479161) 公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(xiàng)(201203003)
【分類號(hào)】：S152

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