本文選題：荒漠化 + 沙蒿膠　； 參考：《北京林業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：土地荒漠化是當(dāng)今世界面臨的最嚴(yán)重的生態(tài)環(huán)境問題之一,荒漠化帶來的后果,直接威脅著人們賴以生存的環(huán)境,給國民經(jīng)濟、社會發(fā)展和生態(tài)環(huán)境造成了極大的危害。近年來,隨著各種固沙材料和方法陸續(xù)被采用,土地荒漠化得到有效控制,但荒漠化防治形勢依舊十分嚴(yán)峻,探索一種新的可行的防治荒漠化的生態(tài)固沙材料正日益受到廣泛關(guān)注。本研究以多年生半灌木白沙蒿(Artemisia sphaerocephala)種子表皮提取的一種親水性膠體沙蒿膠為研究對象,探究其固沙性能及其對土壤微生物和生物土壤結(jié)皮(biological soil crusts,簡稱“生物結(jié)皮”)培育的影響。結(jié)果顯示：(1)噴灑沙蒿膠后,沙面能夠快速形成固結(jié)層,其厚度和抗壓強度顯著增加,抗風(fēng)蝕能力明顯增強,濃度0.10%的沙蒿膠處理,其起沙風(fēng)速均在20 m/s以上；沙粒在沙蒿膠的作用下相互膠結(jié),微團聚體質(zhì)量百分?jǐn)?shù)顯著降低,大團聚體質(zhì)量百分?jǐn)?shù)顯著增加；團聚體平均重量直徑顯著增加,表明沙蒿膠提高了沙土的水穩(wěn)定性。沙面形成的固結(jié)層具有良好的滲透性,利于水分入滲,沙蒿膠良好的吸水性和保水性,能夠促進蟲實(Corispermum puberulum)和白沙蒿2種固沙先鋒植物種子的萌發(fā)及幼苗的生長。在野外沙地的現(xiàn)場實驗中,試驗期間內(nèi)沙蒿膠固沙效果明顯,噴灑了濃度為0.20%和0.50%沙蒿膠的沙面均無明顯風(fēng)蝕發(fā)生。(2)土壤細(xì)菌中相對豐度較高的有：變形菌門(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌門(Firmicutes),擬桿菌門(Bacteroidetes)以及放線菌門(Actinobacteria)。沙蒿膠對變形菌門和厚壁菌門具有顯著影響(P0.05),添加少量的沙蒿膠有利于厚壁菌門的生長繁殖,并逐漸取代變形菌門成為優(yōu)勢類群,其中芽孢桿菌屬(Bacillus)為優(yōu)勢屬。沙蒿膠增加了土壤細(xì)菌的a-多樣性,并且對土壤細(xì)菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)具有顯著影響(P0.05),其中,芽孢桿菌屬和克雷白氏桿菌屬(Klebsiella)是導(dǎo)致未添加沙蒿膠處理與其他處理群落結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生差異的主要貢獻菌,固氮菌屬(Azotobacter)是導(dǎo)致高濃度沙蒿膠處理與其他處理群落結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生差異的主要貢獻菌。(3)沙蒿膠對生物結(jié)皮培育具有顯著影響。隨著沙蒿膠用量的增加,生物結(jié)皮厚度和抗壓強度顯著增加。沙蒿膠能夠顯著增加生物結(jié)皮葉綠素a含量,但高用量(15.0 g/m2)的沙蒿膠對生物結(jié)皮葉綠素a含量無顯著性影響。沙蒿膠對結(jié)皮層團聚體水穩(wěn)性具有顯著影響,隨著沙蒿膠用量的增加,結(jié)皮層微團聚體質(zhì)量百分?jǐn)?shù)顯著降低,大團聚體質(zhì)量百分?jǐn)?shù)顯著增加,團聚體平均重量直徑顯著增加,表明沙蒿膠提高了結(jié)皮層的水穩(wěn)定性。研究結(jié)果表明,沙蒿膠具有良好的固沙效果,不但能夠促進土壤微生物的生長繁殖,改善土壤微環(huán)境,而且還能提高生物結(jié)皮的抗蝕能力,加快生物結(jié)皮的形成發(fā)育。沙蒿膠固沙成本低,可以作為一種環(huán)境友好型固沙劑,與生物固沙相結(jié)合用于固沙。從用量上看,野外固沙的最適沙蒿膠噴灑濃度以0.20%為宜；生物結(jié)皮培育最適的添加量以6.0 g/m2為宜。研究結(jié)果可為沙蒿膠在荒漠化防治方面的應(yīng)用提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Land desertification is one of the most serious environmental problems facing the world today, the consequences of desertification, a direct threat to people's living environment, to the national economy, social development and ecological environment caused great harm. In recent years, along with a variety of sand fixing materials and methods have been adopted, land desertification effective The prevention and control of desertification control, but the situation is still very grim, exploring a new way of prevention and control of desertification ecological sand fixing material has received widespread attention. In this study, perennial subshrub Artemisia (Artemisia sphaerocephala) a hydrophilic colloid extracted from artemisia glue seed skin as the research object, to explore the performance and fixing The soil microbes and biological soil crusts (biological soil crusts, referred to as "biological crust") cultivation effect. The results showed that: (1) spraying sand artemisia glue, can quickly form a layer of consolidation, the thickness and compressive strength increased significantly, significantly increase the ability of anti wind erosion, the concentration of 0.10% artemisia glue and the sand wind speed was 20 m/ S above; sand cementation in Artemisia gum under the effect of micro aggregate mass percentage decreased significantly, aggregate quality percentage increased significantly; aggregate mean weight diameter increased significantly, that improve the water stability of artemisia glue sand. Sand formed the consolidation layer has good permeability, conducive to water infiltration, artemisia glue Water absorption and good water retention, can promote Corispermum hyssopifolium (Corispermum puberulum) germination and seedling and Artemisia 2 sand pioneer plant seed growth. In the field of experimental field sand in test period artemisia glue fixing effect is obvious, the spraying concentration of 0.20% and 0.50% had no obvious sand artemisia glue (2) the soil wind erosion. Soil bacteria have higher relative abundance (Proteobacteria): Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes (Firmicutes) (Bacteroidetes) and actinobacteria (Actinobacteria). Artemisia gum has a significant impact on the Proteobacteria and Firmicutes (P0.05), add a small amount of Artemisia gum conducive to Firmicutes growth and reproduction, and gradually replace the variable The door shaped bacteria became the dominant species, the genus Bacillus (Bacillus) was the dominant genus. Artemisia gum increased soil bacterial diversity of a-, and has a significant impact on the soil bacterial community structure (P0.05), wherein, bacillus and Klebsiella sp. (Klebsiella) is the result of not adding artemisia glue treatment to deal with other community structure property The main contribution of different bacteria, Azotobacter (Azotobacter) is the main contribution of bacteria lead to differences in the treatment of high concentration of artemisia glue and other processing community structure. (3) of biocrusts cultivated artemisia glue has significant effect. With the increase of the dosage of artemisia glue, microphytic leather thickness and compressive strength of Artemisia increased significantly. The glue can significantly increase With the biocrusts chlorophyll a, but high dosage (15 g/m2) of Artemisia gum had no significant effects on the biological crust. The content of chlorophyll a has significant effect on artemisia glue crusts of water stable aggregates, with the increase of the dosage of artemisia glue, crusts micro aggregate mass percentage significantly decreased, the mass percentage of large aggregates group increased significantly The dimer showed that the mean weight diameter increased significantly, improve water stability by Artemisia gum cortex. The results show that the artemisia glue has a good fixing effect, not only can promote soil microbial growth and reproduction, improving soil micro environment, but also improve the biocrusts corrosion resistance, accelerate the formation and development of biological crusts of Artemisia. Glue sand with low cost, can be used as a kind of environmentally friendly sand fixing agent, and combined use of biological sand sand. From the amount of view, the most suitable field sand artemisia glue spraying concentration to 0.20% is appropriate; biocrusts cultivate the best additive amount should be 6 g/m2. The results can provide the rationale for the application sand artemisia glue in the prevention and control of Desertification Area On the basis of.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S288;S154

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