本文選題：土壤 + 侵蝕�。� 參考：《農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào)》2017年09期

【摘要】：地表徑流和壤中流是坡面重要水文過(guò)程,雨強(qiáng)和坡度是影響坡面地表徑流和壤中流產(chǎn)流主要因素。為研究降雨強(qiáng)度和地表坡度對(duì)坡耕地地表徑流和壤中流的影響,該文采用人工模擬降雨試驗(yàn)法,在長(zhǎng)3.0 m、寬1.5 m、深0.5 m土槽,設(shè)計(jì)4個(gè)不同坡度(5°、10°、15°、20°)和3個(gè)不同雨強(qiáng)(30、60、90 mm/h)對(duì)紅壤坡耕地地表徑流及壤中流產(chǎn)流過(guò)程進(jìn)行模擬試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明:1)壤中流開(kāi)始產(chǎn)流時(shí)間滯后于地表徑流,降雨強(qiáng)度從30到90 mm/h,地表徑流、壤中流產(chǎn)流開(kāi)始時(shí)間均隨雨強(qiáng)增大而減小,壤中流比地表產(chǎn)流開(kāi)始滯后時(shí)間隨著雨強(qiáng)增大先增大后趨于穩(wěn)定;2)地表徑流強(qiáng)度隨雨強(qiáng)增大而增大,壤中流初始徑流強(qiáng)度隨雨強(qiáng)增大而增大,不同雨強(qiáng)下壤中流徑流峰值相近;3)地表徑流和壤中流產(chǎn)流過(guò)程曲線(xiàn)有明顯差異,地表徑流產(chǎn)流過(guò)程線(xiàn)先增大后趨于穩(wěn)定,壤中流產(chǎn)流過(guò)程線(xiàn)呈拋物線(xiàn)型即先增大后減小;4)從5°到20°,地表產(chǎn)流開(kāi)始時(shí)間隨坡度增大而減小,壤中流產(chǎn)流開(kāi)始時(shí)間隨坡度增大先減小后增大;5)從5°到20°,地表徑流強(qiáng)度先增大后減小,10°為轉(zhuǎn)折坡度,壤中流產(chǎn)流峰值隨坡度增大而減小,并且隨著坡度增大達(dá)到壤中流峰值時(shí)間不斷減小。
[Abstract]:Surface runoff and soil flow are important hydrological processes on the slope, and the rainfall intensity and slope gradient are the main factors affecting the surface runoff and the abortion flow in the soil. In order to study the effect of rainfall intensity and surface slope on surface runoff and soil flow in sloping farmland, the artificial simulated rainfall test method was used in this paper. The soil trough was 3.0 m long, 1.5 m wide and 0.5 m deep. Four different slopes (5 擄/ 10 擄/ 15 擄/ 20 擄) and three different rainfall intensities (30 ~ 6090 mm / h) were designed to simulate the process of surface runoff and abortion in red soil sloping land. The results showed that the onset time of runoff in soil was slower than that of surface runoff, and the rainfall intensity ranged from 30 to 90 mm / h. The beginning time of runoff and abortion decreased with the increase of rainfall intensity. The initial lag time of runoff in soil increases with the increase of rain intensity, and then tends to stabilize with the increase of rain intensity) the initial runoff intensity increases with the increase of rainfall intensity, and the initial runoff intensity increases with the increase of rainfall intensity. Under different rainfall intensity, the peak value of runoff in soil is close to that in soil. (3) the curves of surface runoff and abortion flow in soil are obviously different, and the runoff production line of surface runoff increases first and then tends to be stable. The line of abortion flow in soil is parabola, that is, increase first and then decrease 4) from 5 擄to 20 擄, and the beginning time of surface runoff decreases with the increase of slope. The beginning time of miscarriage flow in soil decreased first and then increased from 5 擄to 20 擄with the increase of slope. The slope of runoff intensity increased first and then decreased by 10 擄. The peak value of abortion flow in soil decreased with the increase of slope. And with the increase of slope, the time to reach the peak value of soil flow decreases.
【作者單位】： 江西省水土保持科學(xué)研究院江西省土壤侵蝕與防治重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;河海大學(xué)水利水電學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(41401312) 水利部公益性行業(yè)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(201301050);水利部948項(xiàng)目(201519) 江西省優(yōu)勢(shì)科技創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目(20152BCB24011) 江西省水利科技項(xiàng)目(KT201419)
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S157.1

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