本文選題：脲酶抑制劑 + 硝化抑制劑��； 參考：《中國水稻科學(xué)》2017年04期

【摘要】：【目的】本研究旨在闡明脲酶抑制劑(urease inhibitor,UI)和硝化抑制劑(nitrification inhibitor,NI)對稻田土壤氮素轉(zhuǎn)化的影響,探討抑制劑提高稻谷產(chǎn)量以及氮肥利用率的機理�！痉椒ā勘驹囼炘O(shè)在我國南方紅壤稻田,共5個處理:1)不施氮肥(CK);2)尿素(U);3)尿素+脲酶抑制劑(U+UI);4)尿素+硝化抑制劑(U+NI);5)尿素+脲酶抑制劑+硝化抑制劑(U+UI+NI);脲酶抑制劑采用N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT),硝化抑制劑采用3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸鹽(DMPP)。在水稻分蘗期和孕穗期測定土壤脲酶活性、硝酸還原酶活性、土壤銨態(tài)氮含量、硝態(tài)氮含量以及微生物碳、氮的含量,分析NBPT與DMPP對水稻兩個主要生育期土壤氮素供應(yīng)的影響,比較各處理的產(chǎn)量以及氮肥利用率,通過逐步回歸分析研究以上各指標(biāo)對產(chǎn)量的影響,探明脲酶抑制劑NBPT與硝化抑制劑DMPP在稻田的增效機理�！窘Y(jié)果】1)與單施尿素相比,添加NBPT以及NBPT與DMPP配施均顯著提高稻谷產(chǎn)量與地上部氮素回收率,兩個處理分別增產(chǎn)6.56%與8.24%,氮素回收率提高幅度為19.4%與23.7%。2)與單施尿素相比,添加NBPT以及NBPT與DMPP配施,顯著降低水稻分蘗期的土壤脲酶活性和銨態(tài)氮含量,顯著提高孕穗期的銨態(tài)氮含量,而對此時期的脲酶活性無顯著影響,所有處理對兩個時期的硝態(tài)氮含量、硝酸還原酶活性、微生物量碳、氮含量均無顯著影響;因此,NBPT對于抑制脲酶活性以及提高銨態(tài)氮含量的作用主要在孕穗期之前,而單施DMPP沒有顯著效應(yīng)。3)從各項土壤指標(biāo)與水稻產(chǎn)量相關(guān)性的逐步回歸分析結(jié)果來看,水稻分蘗期與孕穗期稻田土壤中銨態(tài)氮含量對水稻產(chǎn)量影響顯著,而且孕穗期的影響大于分蘗期,其余指標(biāo)則對產(chǎn)量無顯著影響�！窘Y(jié)論】脲酶抑制劑NBPT以及NBPT與硝化抑制劑DMPP配施顯著提高孕穗期土壤中的銨態(tài)氮含量,顯著提高稻谷產(chǎn)量以及地上部氮素回收率,證明了生產(chǎn)上氮肥后移的重要意義。
[Abstract]:[objective] to elucidate the effects of urease inhibitor, and nitrification inhibitor, on nitrogen conversion in paddy soils. The mechanism of inhibitor increasing rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency was discussed. [methods] the experiment was conducted in red soil paddy field in southern China. A total of 5 treatments (5: 1) no nitrogen fertilizer (CKN 2) UU (3) urea urease inhibitor (U UIZN 4) urea nitrification inhibitor (U NIN 5) urease inhibitor nitrification inhibitor (N- Ding Ji thiotriamine nitration inhibitor, nitrification, nitrification) The inhibitor was 3'4'- dimethyl pyrazole phosphate (DMPP). Soil urease activity, nitrate reductase activity, soil ammonium nitrogen content, nitrate nitrogen content, microbial carbon and nitrogen content were measured at tillering stage and booting stage of rice. The effects of NBPT and DMPP on soil nitrogen supply in two main growth stages of rice were analyzed. The effects of the above indexes on yield were studied by stepwise regression analysis, and the synergistic mechanism of urease inhibitor NBPT and nitrification inhibitor DMPP in paddy field was found out. [results] 1) compared with urea alone, the effect of NBPT and DMPP on the yield of rice field was studied by stepwise regression analysis. Addition of NBPT and combined application of NBPT and DMPP significantly increased the yield of rice and nitrogen recovery of aboveground parts. The yield of two treatments increased by 6.56% and 8.24%, respectively, and the rate of nitrogen recovery increased by 19.4% and 23.70.2.) compared with urea application alone, the addition of NBPT and NBPT combined with DMPP increased the yield by 6.56% and 8.24%, respectively. Soil urease activity and ammonium nitrogen content were significantly decreased at tillering stage, and ammonium nitrogen content in booting stage was significantly increased, but there was no significant effect on urease activity in this period. All treatments had significant effects on nitrate nitrogen content and nitrate reductase activity in two periods. The effect of NBPT on inhibiting urease activity and increasing ammonium nitrogen content was mainly before booting stage. However, DMPP alone had no significant effect. 3) from the stepwise regression analysis of correlation between soil indexes and rice yield, it was found that the content of ammonium nitrogen in paddy soil at tillering stage and booting stage had a significant effect on rice yield. Moreover, the effect of booting stage was greater than that of tillering stage, but the other indexes had no significant effect on yield. [conclusion] urease inhibitor NBPT and NBPT combined with nitrification inhibitor DMPP could significantly increase the content of ammonium nitrogen in the soil at booting stage. The yield of rice and the recovery rate of nitrogen in the aboveground were significantly increased, which proved the significance of the backward shift of nitrogen fertilizer in the production.
【作者單位】： 江西省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院土壤肥料與資源環(huán)境研究所/國家紅壤改良工程技術(shù)研究中心/農(nóng)業(yè)部雙季稻營養(yǎng)與農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境觀測實驗站;
【基金】：國家重點研發(fā)計劃資助項目(2016YFD0200109,2016YFD0200402,2017YFD0301601) 國家科技支撐計劃資助項目(2015BAD23B03-01) 江西省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院創(chuàng)新基金博士啟動項目(2014ZCBS009)
【分類號】：S153.6

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