發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-18 06:46

  本文選題：秸稈還田 + 有機(jī)質(zhì)��； 參考：《安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：秸稈還田是維持和提高土壤肥力和作物產(chǎn)量的重要措施之一。近年來(lái),秸稈還田措施的推廣促進(jìn)了農(nóng)田土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)(Soil Organic Matter)水平的快速增長(zhǎng),但是農(nóng)作物秸稈還田不僅可以促進(jìn)土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)積累,還會(huì)影響土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)的結(jié)構(gòu)變化。因此探究秸稈還田后對(duì)土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)方面的影響對(duì)我國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)資源的可持續(xù)利用具有重要意義。本研究采用田間試驗(yàn)和室內(nèi)模擬相結(jié)合的方法,運(yùn)用傅里葉變換紅外光譜(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy,FTIR)和固態(tài)核磁共振技術(shù)技術(shù)(Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,NMR)分析作物秸稈在不同還田模式下對(duì)土壤碳氮含量,土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)元素組成及其化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。主要結(jié)果如下:1)田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,秸稈還田能夠顯著增加土壤碳、氮含量。與空白處理相比較,秸稈還田后土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)的含量提高了4%-16%,土壤全氮含量提高了3%-17%。農(nóng)作物秸稈還田對(duì)土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生明顯的影響。傅里葉變換紅外光譜結(jié)果顯示,小麥和玉米秸稈還田增加了SOM中的酰胺物質(zhì)的含量(1655cm-1/1550cm-1),且玉米秸稈還田后SOM中酰胺物質(zhì)的含量要明顯高于小麥秸稈還田后SOM中酰胺物質(zhì)的含量。固態(tài)核磁共振圖譜表明,小麥和玉米秸稈還田能夠增加SOM中烷氧碳的相對(duì)含量,降低SOM中芳基碳的相對(duì)含量。玉米秸稈還田后SOM的芳香度要高于小麥秸稈還田后SOM的芳香度。2)室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,與0天相比較,在好氧和厭氧條件下小麥秸稈還田360天后土壤有機(jī)碳的含量分別提高了37.8%和48.1%。但是土壤全氮的含量分別降低了5%和9%。元素分析結(jié)果表明,好氧和厭氧條件下小麥秸稈還田后SOM、POM(Particulate Organic Matter)500-53μm的C/N比下降。POM 500-53μm的C/N比值要明顯高于POM 53μm的C/N比值。固態(tài)核磁共振圖譜表明,在好氧條件下SOM、POM 500-53μm和POM 53μm中烷氧碳的相對(duì)含量較高,而烷基碳的相對(duì)含量較低。而在厭氧條件下,小麥秸稈還田后SOM、POM 500-53μm和POM 53μm中烷基碳的相對(duì)含量較多,烷氧碳的相對(duì)含量較少。小麥秸稈和玉米秸稈還田能夠提高土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)中烷氧碳的相對(duì)含量,并且玉米秸稈還田后SOM中的酰胺含量和芳香度都要高于小麥秸稈還田后SOM中的酰胺含量和芳香度。不同的水分管理?xiàng)l件下小麥秸稈降解影響了SOM和POM的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)。好氧條件下,秸稈還田后增加了SOM,POM 500-53μm,POM 53μm中烷氧碳的相對(duì)含量,而厭氧條件下,秸稈還田后增加了SOM,POM 500-53μm,POM 53μm中烷基碳烷氧碳的相對(duì)含量。
[Abstract]:Straw returning is one of the important measures to maintain and improve soil fertility and crop yield. In recent years, the promotion of straw returning measures has promoted the rapid growth of soil organic matter (Soil Organic Matter) level in farmland, but crop straw returning can not only promote the accumulation of soil organic matter, but also affect the structure change of soil organic matter. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the effects of straw returning to the chemical structure of soil organic matter to the sustainable utilization of agricultural resources in China. This study uses the method of combining field experiments and indoor simulation, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, FTIR) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance technique. Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) was used to analyze the effects of crop straw on the soil carbon and nitrogen content, the composition of soil organic matter elements and its chemical structure in different returning fields. The main results are as follows: 1) the field test results show that straw returning can significantly increase soil carbon and nitrogen content. Compared with the blank treatment, the straw is compared with the straw. After returning to the field, the content of soil organic matter increased by 4%-16%. The total nitrogen content of soil increased by 3%-17%. crop straw returning to the chemical structure of soil organic matter. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that wheat and corn straw returning to the field increased the content of amides in SOM (1655cm-1/1550cm-1) and corn straw. The content of amides in SOM after returning to field was significantly higher than the content of amides in SOM after wheat straw returned to field. The solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum showed that the relative content of alkoxy carbon in SOM could be increased and the relative content of aryl carbon in SOM was reduced. The aromatic degree of SOM after returning to field of maize straw was higher than that of wheat straw. After returning to the field, the aromaticity of SOM.2) laboratory test results showed that the soil organic carbon content increased by 37.8% and 48.1%. after 360 days of aerobic and anaerobic conditions, but the total nitrogen content of soil decreased by 5% and 9%. elements respectively, and the wheat straw was returned to the field under aerobic and anaerobic conditions after returning to the field SOM. The C/N ratio of POM (Particulate Organic Matter) 500-53 mu m is significantly higher than the POM 53 micron m C/N ratio. The solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum indicates that the relative content of the alkoxy carbon is higher and the relative content of alkyl carbon is lower in the aerobic condition, and the relative content of alkyl carbon is lower. In the anaerobic condition, the wheat straw is in the anaerobic condition. After returning to the field, the relative content of alkyl carbon in SOM, POM 500-53 and POM m is more, the relative content of alkoxy carbon is less. The relative content of alkoxy carbon in soil organic matter can be increased by wheat straw and corn straw returning, and the content and aromaticity of amides in SOM after returning to field of corn straw are higher than those in SOM after wheat straw returning to the field. The chemical structure of SOM and POM was affected by the degradation of wheat straw under different water management conditions. Under aerobic conditions, the relative content of alkoxy carbon in SOM, POM 500-53 mu m, POM 53 mu m was increased after the aerobic condition was returned to field, and the relative content of SOM, POM 500-53 Mu m, POM 53 Mu and alkyl carbon oxygen carbon in POM 53 Mu under anaerobic conditions Quantity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S141.4

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