本文選題：太行山 + 荊條　； 參考：《河南農業(yè)大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：干旱地區(qū)退化生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的植被恢復和重建,已成為目前生態(tài)學關注的焦點問題。微生物活動在土壤生境中起著積極作用,在土壤物質循環(huán)及能量轉換間有著不可替代的地位,是評價生境的關鍵因素之一,針對太行山生境退化地區(qū),探討土壤微生物變異特征和空間分布格局。本文以太行山區(qū)典型植被恢復類型荊條灌木為研究對象,選取3株荊條樣本,運用經典傳統(tǒng)統(tǒng)計分析方法和地統(tǒng)計方法闡明土壤微生物數量變化及其空間分布特征,探討了土壤微生物指標及土壤養(yǎng)分(有機質、全氮、速效磷)間的關系,闡述微生物在土壤中作用機制,以期為土壤微生物在植被恢復中的變化和響應機理提供理論依據,拓展和豐富我國土壤生態(tài)學的研究內容,發(fā)展土壤生態(tài)學的理論體系。主要研究結論如下:(1)3株荊條樣本的土壤細菌、真菌、放線菌數量均值為1.11E+07、1.12 E+04、1.56 E+06。土壤有機質、全氮和速效磷的均分別為12.44g/kg、0.83g/kg和9.66mg/kg,在養(yǎng)分分級上均為低等水平。在變異程度上來說,土壤細菌、真菌、放線菌、有機質和全氮為中等程度變異,速效磷為強變異。土壤微生物數量特征表現為:細菌放線菌真菌。(2)相關性分析表明,細菌、真菌、放線菌之間表現為極顯著正相關關系,三大微生物種群與有機質、全氮存在極顯著正相關關系,速效磷與土壤細菌數量存在弱相關關系,與土壤真菌、放線菌數量無相關性。(3)地統(tǒng)計學空間分析結果顯示,太行山區(qū)荊條灌叢土壤微生物空間分布明顯,在不同空間上呈現出不同分布格局。土壤微生物數量各個指C0/(C+C0)(塊金值/基臺值)均15%,表明其空間變異隨機因素對其空間分布的影響較小,主要由氣候、土壤類型、地形等結構性因素引起。各個土壤微生物指標中除了荊條灌叢2真菌(0-5cm)層的變程較小外,其余各指標各層變程均較大,表明其空間連續(xù)性較好,空間相關性較強。土壤細菌數量變程的變化范圍為73.4~932.7m,土壤真菌數量的變程范圍為27.5396~301.2m,土壤放線菌數量的變化范圍為73.9856~538.494m;模擬函數的殘差值均較小,說明半方差函數的擬合效果都較好。(4)通過Kiriging插值空間分布圖分析可知土壤微生物基本呈“島狀”聚集于灌叢根部,表現出較高空間異質性,以根部為中心往灌叢外推移,呈平滑遞減的趨勢,存在良好的空間分布格局規(guī)律性。在垂直方向上,大部分土壤微生物數量都隨土層深度的增加而降低,即0-5cm5-10cm10-20cm。
[Abstract]:Vegetation restoration and reconstruction of degraded ecosystems in arid areas has become the focus of ecological attention. Microbial activity plays an active role in soil habitat and plays an irreplaceable role in soil material cycle and energy conversion. It is one of the key factors in evaluating habitat. The variation characteristics and spatial distribution pattern of soil microorganism were discussed. In this paper, the typical vegetation restoration type of C. chinensis shrub in Taihang Mountain area was studied. Three samples were selected, and the variation of soil microbial quantity and its spatial distribution were elucidated by classical statistical analysis method and geostatistical method. The relationship between soil microbial indexes and soil nutrients (organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus) was discussed, and the mechanism of microbial action in soil was expounded in order to provide theoretical basis for the change and response mechanism of soil microorganisms in vegetation restoration. Expand and enrich the research content of soil ecology and develop the theoretical system of soil ecology. The main results were as follows: the average number of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the three samples of C. chinensis was 1.11E 07, 1.12E 04C 1.56E 06. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus were 12.44 g / kg 0.83 g / kg and 9.66 mg / kg, respectively. The variation of soil bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, organic matter and total nitrogen was moderate, and that of available phosphorus was strong. The quantitative characteristics of soil microorganisms were as follows: bacterial actinomycetes, fungi, and actinomycetes showed a very significant positive correlation, and the three major microbial populations had a very significant positive correlation with organic matter and total nitrogen. There was a weak correlation between available phosphorus and the number of soil bacteria, but no correlation with soil fungi and actinomycetes. There are different distribution patterns in different space. The number of microorganism in soil was 15%, which indicated that the random factors of spatial variation had little influence on its spatial distribution, mainly caused by the structural factors such as climate, soil type, topography and so on. In all the soil microbial indexes, except for the 0 ~ 5 cm layer of 2 fungi in the thicket, the variation process of the other layers was larger, which indicated that the spatial continuity was better and the spatial correlation was strong. The variation range of soil bacterial number range was 73.4 ~ 932.7 m, soil fungi number was 27.5396 ~ 301.2 m, and soil actinomycetes number was 73.9856 ~ 538.494m.The residual value of simulation function was small. The results showed that the fitting effect of semi-variance function was better. 4) through the analysis of spatial distribution map of Kiriging interpolation, it was found that soil microorganism was basically "island" clustered in the root of the shrub, showing a high spatial heterogeneity, and moving toward the outside of the shrub with the root as the center. There is a tendency of smooth decline and good spatial distribution pattern. In the vertical direction, the number of most soil microorganisms decreased with the increase of soil depth, i.e. 0-5cm5-10cm10-20cm.
【學位授予單位】：河南農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S714.3

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