本文選題：太行山 + 荊條��； 參考：《河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：干旱地區(qū)退化生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的植被恢復(fù)和重建,已成為目前生態(tài)學(xué)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)問題。微生物活動(dòng)在土壤生境中起著積極作用,在土壤物質(zhì)循環(huán)及能量轉(zhuǎn)換間有著不可替代的地位,是評(píng)價(jià)生境的關(guān)鍵因素之一,針對(duì)太行山生境退化地區(qū),探討土壤微生物變異特征和空間分布格局。本文以太行山區(qū)典型植被恢復(fù)類型荊條灌木為研究對(duì)象,選取3株荊條樣本,運(yùn)用經(jīng)典傳統(tǒng)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法和地統(tǒng)計(jì)方法闡明土壤微生物數(shù)量變化及其空間分布特征,探討了土壤微生物指標(biāo)及土壤養(yǎng)分(有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮、速效磷)間的關(guān)系,闡述微生物在土壤中作用機(jī)制,以期為土壤微生物在植被恢復(fù)中的變化和響應(yīng)機(jī)理提供理論依據(jù),拓展和豐富我國(guó)土壤生態(tài)學(xué)的研究?jī)?nèi)容,發(fā)展土壤生態(tài)學(xué)的理論體系。主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)3株荊條樣本的土壤細(xì)菌、真菌、放線菌數(shù)量均值為1.11E+07、1.12 E+04、1.56 E+06。土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮和速效磷的均分別為12.44g/kg、0.83g/kg和9.66mg/kg,在養(yǎng)分分級(jí)上均為低等水平。在變異程度上來說,土壤細(xì)菌、真菌、放線菌、有機(jī)質(zhì)和全氮為中等程度變異,速效磷為強(qiáng)變異。土壤微生物數(shù)量特征表現(xiàn)為:細(xì)菌放線菌真菌。(2)相關(guān)性分析表明,細(xì)菌、真菌、放線菌之間表現(xiàn)為極顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系,三大微生物種群與有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮存在極顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系,速效磷與土壤細(xì)菌數(shù)量存在弱相關(guān)關(guān)系,與土壤真菌、放線菌數(shù)量無相關(guān)性。(3)地統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)空間分析結(jié)果顯示,太行山區(qū)荊條灌叢土壤微生物空間分布明顯,在不同空間上呈現(xiàn)出不同分布格局。土壤微生物數(shù)量各個(gè)指C0/(C+C0)(塊金值/基臺(tái)值)均15%,表明其空間變異隨機(jī)因素對(duì)其空間分布的影響較小,主要由氣候、土壤類型、地形等結(jié)構(gòu)性因素引起。各個(gè)土壤微生物指標(biāo)中除了荊條灌叢2真菌(0-5cm)層的變程較小外,其余各指標(biāo)各層變程均較大,表明其空間連續(xù)性較好,空間相關(guān)性較強(qiáng)。土壤細(xì)菌數(shù)量變程的變化范圍為73.4~932.7m,土壤真菌數(shù)量的變程范圍為27.5396~301.2m,土壤放線菌數(shù)量的變化范圍為73.9856~538.494m;模擬函數(shù)的殘差值均較小,說明半方差函數(shù)的擬合效果都較好。(4)通過Kiriging插值空間分布圖分析可知土壤微生物基本呈“島狀”聚集于灌叢根部,表現(xiàn)出較高空間異質(zhì)性,以根部為中心往灌叢外推移,呈平滑遞減的趨勢(shì),存在良好的空間分布格局規(guī)律性。在垂直方向上,大部分土壤微生物數(shù)量都隨土層深度的增加而降低,即0-5cm5-10cm10-20cm。
[Abstract]:Vegetation restoration and reconstruction of degraded ecosystems in arid areas has become the focus of ecological attention. Microbial activity plays an active role in soil habitat and plays an irreplaceable role in soil material cycle and energy conversion. It is one of the key factors in evaluating habitat. The variation characteristics and spatial distribution pattern of soil microorganism were discussed. In this paper, the typical vegetation restoration type of C. chinensis shrub in Taihang Mountain area was studied. Three samples were selected, and the variation of soil microbial quantity and its spatial distribution were elucidated by classical statistical analysis method and geostatistical method. The relationship between soil microbial indexes and soil nutrients (organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus) was discussed, and the mechanism of microbial action in soil was expounded in order to provide theoretical basis for the change and response mechanism of soil microorganisms in vegetation restoration. Expand and enrich the research content of soil ecology and develop the theoretical system of soil ecology. The main results were as follows: the average number of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the three samples of C. chinensis was 1.11E 07, 1.12E 04C 1.56E 06. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus were 12.44 g / kg 0.83 g / kg and 9.66 mg / kg, respectively. The variation of soil bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, organic matter and total nitrogen was moderate, and that of available phosphorus was strong. The quantitative characteristics of soil microorganisms were as follows: bacterial actinomycetes, fungi, and actinomycetes showed a very significant positive correlation, and the three major microbial populations had a very significant positive correlation with organic matter and total nitrogen. There was a weak correlation between available phosphorus and the number of soil bacteria, but no correlation with soil fungi and actinomycetes. There are different distribution patterns in different space. The number of microorganism in soil was 15%, which indicated that the random factors of spatial variation had little influence on its spatial distribution, mainly caused by the structural factors such as climate, soil type, topography and so on. In all the soil microbial indexes, except for the 0 ~ 5 cm layer of 2 fungi in the thicket, the variation process of the other layers was larger, which indicated that the spatial continuity was better and the spatial correlation was strong. The variation range of soil bacterial number range was 73.4 ~ 932.7 m, soil fungi number was 27.5396 ~ 301.2 m, and soil actinomycetes number was 73.9856 ~ 538.494m.The residual value of simulation function was small. The results showed that the fitting effect of semi-variance function was better. 4) through the analysis of spatial distribution map of Kiriging interpolation, it was found that soil microorganism was basically "island" clustered in the root of the shrub, showing a high spatial heterogeneity, and moving toward the outside of the shrub with the root as the center. There is a tendency of smooth decline and good spatial distribution pattern. In the vertical direction, the number of most soil microorganisms decreased with the increase of soil depth, i.e. 0-5cm5-10cm10-20cm.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S714.3

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