本文選題：有機物料 + 黑土��； 參考：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：針對農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物在土壤中腐解時間較長,探究增施不同種類農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物對黑土土壤磷素形態(tài)影響的長期動態(tài)變化規(guī)律。本論文通過開展5年盆栽試驗并只在第1年施肥,設(shè)置增施豬糞、秸稈、樹葉、菌渣和單施化肥5個處理,研究了土壤總磷含量、速效磷含量、各有機磷形態(tài)和無機磷形態(tài)含量及磷酸酶活性,并討論了增施不同有機物料對磷形態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化的影響。結(jié)果表明:(1)增施有機物料后土壤有機磷平均含量為豬糞秸稈菌渣樹葉化肥。土壤磷庫以無機磷為主。中等活性有機磷和中穩(wěn)性有機磷占有機磷庫約70%;O-P和Ca10-P占無機磷庫約50%。增施豬糞、秸稈和菌渣分別在前5年、5年和前3年提高土壤速效磷含量。豬糞和樹葉提高中等活性和活性有機磷比例,秸稈和樹葉增加中穩(wěn)性有機磷比例。有機物料(除秸稈)可提高土壤Ca2-P、Ca8-P和Al-P比例、降低土壤Fe-P和O-P比例,對Ca10-P影響較小;增施秸稈和化肥增加O-P比例。(2)豬糞、秸稈和樹葉均可顯著增加土壤活性有機磷(L-OP)含量,最高值分別出現(xiàn)在第1年、第3年和第2年,豬糞至第5年時仍顯著高于其余處理。除豬糞外,其余所有處理中等活性有機磷(ML-OP)含量逐年上升,豬糞、秸稈和菌渣可顯著增加其含量,最高值分別出現(xiàn)在第1年,第3年,第1年。增施有機物料均可顯著增加中穩(wěn)性有機磷(MR-OP)含量,且整體呈逐年降低趨勢。增施有機物料第1年后均可增加高穩(wěn)性有機磷(HR-OP)含量,但第5年時各處理含量均低于單施化肥處理,單施化肥促使HR-OP積累。(3)增施豬糞、菌渣和秸稈均可增加土壤Ca2-P含量,最高值分別出現(xiàn)在第1、3、2年;增施豬糞和菌渣第5年時仍顯著高于NPK處理。豬糞、菌渣和樹葉增加土壤Ca8-P含量;相較于NPK,增施菌渣和樹葉增量逐年增加,菌渣效果略優(yōu)于樹葉。有機物料對Al-P含量提高仍以豬糞最佳,在第2年達到最高并后保持穩(wěn)定;增施秸稈和菌渣和樹葉分別于前2年,2年和前1年提高其含量;各處理土壤Fe-P含量變化趨勢一致;豬糞和菌渣可提高土壤Fe-P含量;增施秸稈和樹葉降低其含量,秸稈降幅最大。有機物料第1年均提高了O-P含量,但菌渣于第2年,樹葉、秸稈和豬糞于第4年含量低于NPK;單施化肥有利于O-P的積累,積累速率由快至慢。有機物料對Ca10-P影響多集中在前2年,影響較小。(4)增施有機物料后第1、2年均可提高土壤堿性磷酸酶活性,單施化肥其活性前3年逐漸降低。各處理中性磷酸酶活性逐漸下降,增施豬糞、秸稈和菌渣減緩其降低速率,相比于NPK處理,增施豬糞于前5年,秸稈和菌渣于前3年增加其活性。增施豬糞和秸稈可促進磷酸酶活性,提高土壤中性磷酸酶活性比例,提高磷的有效性。(5)施用農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物均可不同程度的活化穩(wěn)定態(tài)磷組分,單施化肥促使MR-OP向HR-OP轉(zhuǎn)化以及O-P的積累。有機物料可能具有活化土壤O-P的能力,且其效果以菌渣最快,樹葉次之。
[Abstract]:In view of the longer decomposition time of agricultural wastes in soil, the long-term dynamic change of phosphorus forms in black soil was investigated by adding different kinds of agricultural wastes. In this paper, the total phosphorus content and available phosphorus content in soil were studied by five treatments of adding pig manure, straw, leaves, bacteria residue and chemical fertilizer only in the first year after 5 years pot experiment. The contents of organophosphorus and inorganic phosphorus and the activity of phosphatase were discussed. The effects of different organic materials on the transformation of phosphorus were discussed. The results showed that the average content of organophosphorus in soil after adding organic materials was the fertilizer of leaves from the residue of pig manure and straw. Inorganic phosphorus is the main phosphorus pool in soil. The proportion of moderately active organic phosphorus and moderately stable organic phosphorus in organic phosphorus pool is about 70%, and that of Ca 10-P and Ca 10 P is about 50%. Application of pig manure, straw and bacterial residue increased soil available phosphorus content in the first 5 years, 5 years and 3 years, respectively. Pig manure and leaves increased the proportion of moderately active and active organophosphorus, while straw and leaves increased the proportion of moderately stable organophosphorus. Organic matter (except straw) could increase the ratio of Ca _ 2-P to Ca _ (8-P) and Al-P, decrease the ratio of Fe-P and O-P, and increase the ratio of O-P to pig manure, straw and leaf could significantly increase the content of soil active organic phosphorus (L-OPP). The highest values appeared in the first year, the third year and the second year, and the pig manure was still significantly higher than the other treatments in the fifth year. With the exception of pig manure, the content of ML-OPP in all the treatments increased year by year, and the content of pig manure, straw and bacteria residue increased significantly, and the highest values appeared in the first year, the third year and the first year, respectively. The content of MR-OPP in medium stable organophosphate was significantly increased by adding organic materials and decreased year by year. The content of HR-OPP increased after the first year of application of organic materials, but in the fifth year, the content of HR-OP was lower than that of single fertilizer, and the accumulation of HR-OP was increased by the application of chemical fertilizer alone. The content of Ca _ 2-P in soil was increased by bacteria residue and straw. The highest values appeared in the 1st and 2nd year respectively, and the increase of pig manure and bacteria residue was still significantly higher than that of NPK treatment in the fifth year. Compared with NPK, the application of microbial residue and leaf increment increased year by year, the effect of microbial residue was slightly better than that of leaves. The content of Al-P increased by organic materials was still the best in pig dung, which reached the highest level in the second year and remained stable after the second year, and the content of Fe-P increased in the first 2 years, 2 years and 1 year before the application of straw, bacterial residue and leaves, respectively, and the change trend of Fe-P content was the same among the treatments. Pig dung and bacterial residue could increase the content of Fe-P in soil, and the application of straw and leaves could reduce the content of Fe-P, and the decrease of straw was the biggest. The content of O-P increased in the first year of organic materials, but in the second year, the content of leaves, straw and pig manure was lower than that of NPK in the second year, and the accumulation rate of O-P was faster to slower than that of applying chemical fertilizer alone. The effect of organic materials on Ca10-P was mainly concentrated in the first two years, and the effect was small. 4) the activity of alkaline phosphatase in soil increased in the first 2 years after the application of organic materials, and gradually decreased 3 years before the application of chemical fertilizer alone. The activity of neutral phosphatase in each treatment decreased gradually, and the increasing application of pig manure, straw and bacterial residue slowed down the decrease rate. Compared with NPK treatment, adding pig manure increased the activity of pig manure in the first 5 years, and the straw and bacterial residue increased its activity in the first 3 years. Application of pig manure and straw could promote phosphatase activity, increase the proportion of neutral phosphatase activity in soil, and increase the availability of phosphorus. Single application of chemical fertilizer promoted the transformation of MR-OP to HR-OP and the accumulation of O-P. Organic materials may have the ability to activate O-P in soil, and their effects are the fastest in bacteria residue, followed by leaves.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S153.6

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