本文選題：灌水 + 葉面磷鉀肥　； 參考：《江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：早稻小滿寒與晚稻寒露風(fēng)是我國華南及長江中下游地區(qū)常發(fā)性的農(nóng)業(yè)氣象災(zāi)害,本研究的目的是探明早稻小滿寒與晚稻寒露風(fēng)條件下不同水、肥調(diào)控措施對雙季稻產(chǎn)量形成及其生理特性的影響,摸索出能應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)的實用技術(shù)途徑,探討不同品種晚稻寒露風(fēng)條件下不同施氮處理產(chǎn)量形成的差異及其生理生態(tài)機理。研究選用雙季超級雜交早稻品種淦鑫203和晚稻五豐優(yōu)T025為材料,2014-2016連續(xù)三年在江西省灌溉試驗中心站進行了水、肥調(diào)控抗寒的田間試驗研究,采用大田進行試驗,分期播種,選擇自然條件下早稻小滿寒與晚稻寒露風(fēng)發(fā)生的播期,分別設(shè)置不同的灌溉方式和葉面肥處理;選擇不同水稻品種,采用桶栽方式,并設(shè)置不同氮肥處理,考查產(chǎn)量、溫度、光合、滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)、保護酶系統(tǒng)等生理生態(tài)指標(biāo),主要研究結(jié)果如下:早稻小滿寒與晚稻寒露風(fēng)均造成雙季稻產(chǎn)量不同程度的下降,通過水、肥調(diào)控措施可減緩產(chǎn)量降低。與對照組(處理CK)相比:2014年噴施0.1%、0.3%、0.5%的KH_2PO_4葉面肥及撒草木灰可分別提高早稻產(chǎn)量7.29%、8.94%、6.70%、8.38%,提升晚稻產(chǎn)量7.55%、10.98%、6.38%、0.16%;日排夜灌深水灌溉4~5cm、8~10cm、深水灌溉8~10cm可分別提高早稻產(chǎn)量3.77%、5.66%、1.05%,提高晚稻產(chǎn)量6.28%、12.30%、9.39%;2015年噴施0.1%、0.3%、0.5%的KH_2PO_4葉面肥及撒草木灰可分別提高早稻產(chǎn)量0.87%、4.68%、3.14%、3.03%,提升晚稻產(chǎn)量10.80%、14.04%、10.68%、10.06%;日排夜灌灌溉4~5cm、8~10cm、深水灌溉8~10cm可分別提高早稻產(chǎn)量1.40%、4.80%、2.02%,提高晚稻產(chǎn)量4.96%、13.51%、10.64%�？傮w上看不同水肥調(diào)控措施均可有效提高低溫影響下早晚稻的產(chǎn)量,其中以日排夜灌8~10cm和噴施0.3%的葉面肥處理的效果最好。低溫條件下過量施氮會造成產(chǎn)量和結(jié)實率降低,2015年高氮處理和超高氮處理較正常氮處理分別會降低晚稻產(chǎn)量1.20%、7.54%,降低結(jié)實率8.59%、15.86%,產(chǎn)量表現(xiàn)為正常氮處理N2(對照)高氮處理N3超高氮處理N4低氮處理N1,結(jié)實率表現(xiàn)為低氮處理N1正常氮處理N2(對照)高氮處理N3超高氮處理N4;2016年過量施氮的產(chǎn)量和結(jié)實率也低于正常施氮處理,低溫條件下,各品種高氮、超高氮、正常氮產(chǎn)量下降幅度表現(xiàn)為:超高氮高氮正常氮,不同品種的正常施氮水平下的產(chǎn)量表現(xiàn)為五豐優(yōu)T025H優(yōu)518榮優(yōu)225黃華占,結(jié)實率表現(xiàn)為H優(yōu)518五豐優(yōu)T025榮優(yōu)225黃華占。水肥調(diào)控防御技術(shù)減緩產(chǎn)量下降的主要是通過提高結(jié)實率。總體上看,一定的灌水方式和深度及一定量的肥料處理有利于水稻抵抗低溫,而過量施肥或灌水處理則不利于水稻抵抗低溫,不同品種對低溫響應(yīng)存在差異。生理指標(biāo)上,灌水保溫和噴施葉面肥調(diào)控總體有利于早、晚稻葉溫和土溫的提升,有利于減緩水稻葉片SPAD值、凈光合作用、蒸騰速率、氣孔導(dǎo)度和胞間CO_2濃度的下降;低溫來臨后游離脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、MDA含量以及POD、SOD等酶活性均上升,CAT活性下降;不同氮肥處理下晚稻葉片表現(xiàn)為葉片SPAD值、凈光合作用、蒸騰速率、氣孔導(dǎo)度和胞間CO_2濃度的下降,低溫來臨后游離脯氨酸、MDA含量以及POD酶活性均上升,可溶性蛋白含量、SOD及CAT酶活性下降。
[Abstract]:The early rice small cold and late rice cold dew wind are the frequent agro meteorological disasters in the middle and lower reaches of Southern China and the Yangtze River. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of different water on early rice full cold and cold dew in late rice, the effect of fertilizer control measures on the yield formation and physiological characteristics of double cropping rice, and to find out the practical technical ways to apply to the production. The difference of yield formation and physiological and ecological mechanism of different nitrogen treatment in different varieties of late rice under cold dew condition were studied. The study selected the double season Super Hybrid Early Rice Variety Gan Xin 203 and late rice five feng you T025 as material, 2014-2016 for three years in the irrigation experiment center station of Jiangxi Province, the field experiment on the control of cold resistance by fertilizer was carried out. Field experiment, sowing in stages, selecting the sowing period of early rice and late rice cold dew under natural conditions, setting up different irrigation methods and foliar fertilizer treatment, selecting different rice varieties, using bucket planting method and setting different nitrogen fertilizer treatment, and examining the physiology of yield, temperature, photosynthesis, osmotic regulation material and enzyme protection system. The main results are as follows: the early rice small cold and late rice cold dew all cause the decrease of the yield of double cropping rice, and the control measures can slow down the yield. Compared with the control group (treatment CK), the yield of 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5% of KH_2PO_4 leaf fertilizer and grass ash in 2014 can increase the yield of early rice by 7.29%, 8.94%, 6.70%, 8., respectively. 38%, the increase of late rice yield 7.55%, 10.98%, 6.38%, 0.16%; daily row night irrigation 4~5cm, 8~10cm, deep water irrigation 8~10cm can increase the yield of early rice 3.77%, 5.66%, 1.05%, increase the output of late rice 6.28%, 12.30%, 9.39%, 0.3%, 0.3%, 0.5%, KH_2PO_4 leaf fertilizer and grass ash can improve the yield of early rice respectively in 2015. The yield of late rice was increased by 10.80%, 14.04%, 10.68%, 10.06%. 4~5cm, 8~10cm, and deep water irrigation 8~10cm could increase the yield of early rice by 1.40%, 4.80%, 2.02%, and 4.96%, 13.51% in the early rice yield, which could effectively improve the yield of early and late rice under the influence of low temperature, including 8~10cm and spray of 8~10cm and spray in daily row night. The effect of 0.3% foliar fertilizer treatment was the best. Excessive nitrogen application at low temperature could reduce the yield and seed setting rate. In 2015, high nitrogen treatment and ultra-high nitrogen treatment decreased the yield of late rice by 1.20%, 7.54%, and 8.59%, 15.86%, respectively. The yield of high nitrogen treatment was N2 (control) high nitrogen treatment N3 ultra high nitrogen treatment N4 low. Nitrogen treatment N1, the seed setting rate is low nitrogen treatment N1 normal nitrogen treatment N2 (control) high nitrogen treatment N3 ultra high nitrogen treatment N4; in 2016, the yield and seed setting rate of excessive nitrogen application is also lower than normal nitrogen treatment. Under low temperature conditions, the yield of high nitrogen, high nitrogen and normal nitrogen yield of various varieties is: super high nitrogen and high nitrogen normal nitrogen, the normal application of different varieties The yield of nitrogen level was five good T025H you 518 Rong you 225 Huang Huazhan, and the seed setting rate was H excellent 518 five feng you T025 Rong you 225 Huang Hua. The water and fertilizer control defense technology slowed down the yield mainly by raising the seed setting rate. In general, the certain irrigation mode and depth and a quantitative fertilizer treatment were beneficial to rice resistance to low temperature. Excessive fertilization or irrigation was not beneficial to rice resistance to low temperature, and the response of different varieties to low temperature was different. On physiological indexes, irrigation and heat preservation and application of foliar fertilizer control were beneficial to early, leaf temperature and soil temperature in late rice. It was beneficial to slow down SPAD value, net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO_2 concentration in rice leaves After the onset of low temperature, free proline, soluble protein, MDA content, POD, SOD and other enzyme activities were increased, and CAT activity decreased. The leaves of late rice under different nitrogen treatments showed SPAD value, net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, the decrease of stomatal conductance and CO_2 concentration, free proline, MDA content and POD enzyme activity after the low temperature. The total soluble protein content, SOD and CAT activity decreased.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S511;S42

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