本文選題：生物炭 + 小麥　； 參考：《淮北師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：生物炭還田被認為是改善土壤理化性質(zhì)、提高作物產(chǎn)量和實現(xiàn)固碳減排的有效措施。前人研究多針對生物炭大劑量一次還田的短期效應(yīng)，，而對于生物炭低劑量累積長效應(yīng)卻鮮見報道，尤其是生物炭和氮肥在土壤中交互作用以及生物炭還田后的經(jīng)濟效益不甚明了。本研究是基于生物炭連續(xù)多年還田而設(shè)置的田間實驗，共分兩個實驗。一是在四個生物炭添加劑量：0,2.4,6,12t ha-1yr-1（B0,B1,B2,B3）基礎(chǔ)上，探討多年后（第四年）土壤性質(zhì)、小麥生長和土壤N2O排放的響應(yīng)。結(jié)果表明，隨著生物炭用量的增加，土壤容重隨之降低，土壤孔隙度、含水量、pH、全碳、全氮隨之升高；生物炭對土壤日溫差有降低，而對土壤日平均溫度無顯著影響；生物炭增加了小麥出芽率、株高、葉面積指數(shù)、單位面積穗數(shù)、產(chǎn)量以及莖稈生物量，但對葉齡、千粒重、每穗粒數(shù)沒有顯著影響；三種生物炭用量（2.4,6,12t ha-1yr-1）對產(chǎn)量的增幅分別為：15%,24%,22%；麥季土壤N2O排放總量在生物炭處理下無顯著變化。第二個實驗是在不同氮肥水平下（0,90,135,180kg ha-1,后面用0N,1/2N,3/4N, N表示）添加生物炭（6t/ha）或者不加生物炭對土壤理化性質(zhì)、作物產(chǎn)量、N2O排放及生態(tài)經(jīng)濟效益的影響。研究結(jié)果表明，隨著氮肥用量的增加，生物炭還田具有促進小麥產(chǎn)量提升、減少N2O排放的趨勢，特別是在180kg ha-1氮肥施用情況下，添加生物炭（6t ha-1yr-1）顯著提高了小麥出牙率、莖蘗數(shù)、葉面積指數(shù)、株高、產(chǎn)量。經(jīng)過生態(tài)經(jīng)濟效益分析，生物炭（6t ha-1yr-1）還田在氮肥施用量為普通施用量的3/4（即135kg ha-1）時取得最大收益。綜上初步研究結(jié)果表明，在農(nóng)業(yè)實際生產(chǎn)中，生物炭的低劑量連續(xù)還田模式，在保證糧食產(chǎn)量穩(wěn)定性前提下，對提高作物產(chǎn)量和實現(xiàn)固碳減排具有一定的可行性和長效性。
[Abstract]:Biochar is considered to be an effective measure to improve soil physical and chemical properties, increase crop yield and achieve carbon sequestration reduction. Previous studies have mostly focused on the short-term effects of large doses of biochar returning to the field at one time, but few reports have been made on the cumulative long-term effects of low doses of biochar. In particular, the interaction of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer in soil and the economic benefits of biochar returning to the field are not very clear. This study is based on the biological carbon returned to the field for many years and set up a field experiment, a total of two experiments. The first is based on four biological carbon additives: 1: 0 2. 4 / 6 / 12 t ha-1yr-1yr-1yr-1yr-1yr-1B0B0B1B2B3). The responses of soil properties, wheat growth and soil N2O emissions after many years (the fourth year) were discussed. The results showed that soil bulk density decreased, soil porosity, water content, pH, total carbon and nitrogen increased with the increase of biochar amount, and biochar decreased soil daily temperature difference, but had no significant effect on soil daily average temperature. Biochar increased wheat sprout rate, plant height, leaf area index, panicle number per unit area, yield and stem biomass, but had no significant effect on leaf age, 1000-grain weight and grain number per panicle. The yield of three kinds of biochar was increased by 2.4t / 12t ha-1yr-1), respectively. The total amount of N2O emission from soil in wheat season had no significant change under biochar treatment. The second experiment was to study the effects of different nitrogen levels on soil physical and chemical properties, crop yield, N 2O emission and ecological and economic benefits by adding biochar (6 t / ha) or without biochar (0 Nu 1 / 2 N / 3% 4 N, N) at different nitrogen levels. The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen application rate, biochar returning to the field could promote wheat yield increase and reduce N2O emission, especially under the condition of 180kg ha-1 nitrogen application, adding biochar 6t ha-1yr-1) significantly increased wheat tooth yield. Number of tillers, leaf area index, plant height and yield. According to the analysis of eco-economic benefit, the return of biochar (6t ha-1yr-1) to the field obtained the maximum return when the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer was 3 / 4 of the ordinary application rate (that is, 135kg ha-1). The preliminary results show that the low dose continuous return model of biochar has certain feasibility and long-term effect on increasing crop yield and realizing carbon sequestration emission reduction under the premise of ensuring the stability of grain yield in the actual agricultural production.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：淮北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S512.1;S154.1

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 武玉;徐剛;呂迎春;邵宏波;;生物炭對土壤理化性質(zhì)影響的研究進展[J];地球科學(xué)進展;2014年01期

2 ;介紹一種小麥生育后期和玉米不拔取樣株測定葉面積指數(shù)的方法[J];北京師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);1977年02期

3 江培福;雷廷武;劉曉輝;武陽;李鑫;王全九;;用毛細吸滲原理快速測量土壤田間持水量的研究[J];農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報;2006年07期

4 袁艷文;田宜水;趙立欣;孟海波;;生物炭應(yīng)用研究進展[J];可再生能源;2012年09期

5 姜志翔;鄭浩;李鋒民;王震宇;;生物炭技術(shù)緩解我國溫室效應(yīng)潛力初步評估[J];環(huán)境科學(xué);2013年06期

6 石惠恩;;小麥葉片生長與分蘗成穗規(guī)律的觀察方法[J];河南農(nóng)林科技;1979年01期

7 謝祖彬;劉琦;許燕萍;朱春悟;;生物炭研究進展及其研究方向[J];土壤;2011年06期

8 卜曉莉;薛建輝;;生物炭對土壤生境及植物生長影響的研究進展[J];生態(tài)環(huán)境學(xué)報;2014年03期

9 陳繼康;李素娟;張宇;陳阜;張海林;;不同耕作方式麥田土壤溫度及其對氣溫的響應(yīng)特征——土壤溫度日變化及其對氣溫的響應(yīng)[J];中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2009年07期

10 顏永毫;王丹丹;鄭紀(jì)勇;;生物炭對土壤N_2O和CH_4排放影響的研究進展[J];中國農(nóng)學(xué)通報;2013年08期

本文編號：2019288