本文選題：土壤溫度 + CLM.��； 參考：《生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào)》2017年03期

【摘要】：利用中國(guó)氣象局國(guó)家氣象信息中心研發(fā)的中國(guó)氣象局陸面數(shù)據(jù)同化系統(tǒng)(China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System,CLDAS)大氣近地面強(qiáng)迫資料,驅(qū)動(dòng)美國(guó)國(guó)家大氣研究中心公用陸面模式(Community Land Model,CLM3.5),對(duì)中國(guó)新疆地區(qū)土壤溫度時(shí)空分布進(jìn)行逐小時(shí)Off-line模擬(模擬時(shí)段為2009—2012年);利用國(guó)家土壤溫度自動(dòng)站(新疆區(qū)域105站點(diǎn))數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證CLDAS驅(qū)動(dòng)場(chǎng)強(qiáng)迫下的CLM3.5模式在中國(guó)新疆地區(qū)3個(gè)土壤層(5cm、20cm和80cm)的土壤溫度模擬能力。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):在月變化方面,第1層(5cm)土壤溫度模擬與實(shí)測(cè)值差異最大,在每年7月最大差異達(dá)5k左右;第2層(20cm)在每年7月達(dá)最大差異(3k左右),而第3層(80cm)在每年7月均模擬的很好。造成這種現(xiàn)象的原因可能因?yàn)樾陆貐^(qū)7月前后淺層土壤溫度變化劇烈,溫度白天最高可達(dá)300K以上,晝夜溫差大,導(dǎo)致模式不能很好抓住淺層土壤溫度的變化趨勢(shì)。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),在80cm土壤深度,模式在1月、12月的模擬結(jié)果均較前兩層差。在日變化方面,研究發(fā)現(xiàn):較淺的兩層(5cm和20cm)土壤溫度模擬值在夏季和秋季均較差。與月變化模擬結(jié)果類似的是,80cm土壤層日變化在1、12月模擬較差,然而在其他時(shí)段卻模擬的很好。在小時(shí)變化方面,分析發(fā)現(xiàn):第1層土壤(5cm)模擬結(jié)果在每年的1—4月及9—11月的全天(即24 h),模式也會(huì)有不同的偏差:其中,在03UTC—21UTC之間主要表現(xiàn)為模式結(jié)果比觀測(cè)結(jié)果偏高,而在日內(nèi)21UTC—00UTC主要表現(xiàn)為模擬結(jié)果偏小。在每年的5—8月,全天模擬值都偏小,其中在09UTC達(dá)當(dāng)日最大值。而距離第2層(20cm)處的土壤溫度模擬值在大部分月份都偏差較小(-1K至1k之間),并在日內(nèi)12UTC偏差達(dá)到當(dāng)日最大值。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在土壤20cm處,模式模擬的最大值較觀測(cè)值提前,而第3層(80cm)的土壤溫度基本不受日內(nèi)變化影響,表現(xiàn)較為平穩(wěn)。造成這種影響的原因可能是因?yàn)樾陆貐^(qū)5—8月、9—11月為晝夜溫差大,深層土壤溫度較淺層土壤溫度溫差變化小,這也造成了模式對(duì)于淺層土壤模擬較深層差的主要原因。總體研究表明:CLDAS驅(qū)動(dòng)場(chǎng)強(qiáng)迫下的CLM3.5模式可較為精確的模擬中國(guó)新疆地區(qū)多年平均土壤溫度時(shí)空分布,并較為準(zhǔn)確的反映中國(guó)新疆地區(qū)土壤溫度的小時(shí)、日、月及年際的變化規(guī)律。模式淺溫度模擬不好的原因可能與模式參數(shù)化方案及地表參數(shù)有關(guān),后期將繼續(xù)修正該問(wèn)題。
[Abstract]:Using the atmospheric near-surface forcing data of China Meteorological Administration Land data Assimilation system CLDAS-developed by the National Meteorological Information Center of China Meteorological Administration, the land surface data assimilation system of China Meteorological Administration is used. Driving the National Atmospheric Research Center Common Land Model CLM 3.5, the hourly Off-line simulation of soil temperature distribution in Xinjiang, China is carried out (the simulation period is 2009-2012), and the national soil temperature automatic station (Xinjiang region) is used to simulate the soil temperature distribution. The soil temperature simulation ability of CLM3.5 model forced by CLDAS driving field in three soil layers (20cm and 80cm) in Xinjiang region of China was verified by the data from the 105 site. The results show that the difference between the simulated and measured values of soil temperature in the first layer (5 cm) is the largest, and the maximum difference is about 5 k in July every year. The second layer (20 cm) has the largest difference of about 3 k in July, while the third layer (80 cm) simulates well in July of each year. The reason for this phenomenon may be that the temperature of shallow soil in Xinjiang region changes sharply before and after July, the highest temperature can be more than 300K during the day, and the diurnal temperature difference is large, which leads to the model can not grasp the change trend of shallow soil temperature very well. It was also found that at the soil depth of 80cm, the simulation results of the model in January and December were worse than those of the first two layers. In terms of diurnal variation, it was found that the simulated values of soil temperature in the two shallower layers of 5 cm and 20 cm were worse in summer and autumn. The results are similar to those of monthly variation. The diurnal variation of 80 cm soil layer is in January, but the simulation in December is not good. However, in other periods, the simulation is very good. In terms of hourly variation, it was found that the simulated results of the first layer of soil were different from those of the whole day (i.e. 24 h) in January-April and September-November of each year: among them, Between 03UTC-21UTC, the model results are higher than the observed ones, while the in-day 21UTC-00UTC results show that the simulation results are small. In May-August of each year, the full-day simulation value is small, and the maximum value is reached at 09UTC. The simulated values of soil temperature at the distance of 20 cm from the second layer were smaller in most months and reached the maximum of 12UTC in the day. It was found that the maximum value of the model was earlier than the observed value at the soil 20cm, while the soil temperature of the third layer (80cm) was not affected by the variation in the day, and the soil temperature was stable. The reason for this effect may be that the temperature difference between day and night is larger in May / August and September / November in Xinjiang, and the temperature difference of deep soil is smaller than that of shallow soil, which also causes the main reason that the model is worse for simulating shallow soil. The overall study shows that the CLM3.5 model forced by the drive field of the: CLDAS can accurately simulate the temporal and spatial distribution of the average soil temperature in Xinjiang, China, and more accurately reflect the hours and days of soil temperature in Xinjiang, China. The law of change between months and years. The reason for the bad simulation of model shallow temperature may be related to the model parameterization scheme and surface parameters, and the problem will continue to be corrected at a later stage.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)水利水電科學(xué)研究院;新疆大學(xué)干旱生態(tài)環(huán)境研究所;中國(guó)氣象局國(guó)家氣象信息中心;中國(guó)科學(xué)院寒區(qū)旱區(qū)環(huán)境與工程研究所冰凍圈科學(xué)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;中國(guó)科學(xué)院新疆生態(tài)與地理研究所;中國(guó)氣象局華云信息技術(shù)工程有限公司;
【基金】：水利部公益性行業(yè)科研專項(xiàng)經(jīng)費(fèi)(201301103) 國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目(41130531)
【分類號(hào)】：S152.8

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