本文選題：脲甲醛緩釋肥 + 夏玉米　； 參考：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：探究不同組分的脲甲醛緩釋肥在夏玉米上的肥料效應(yīng),為制備夏玉米一次性專用肥提供理論依據(jù)。本文設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行脲甲醛制備試驗(yàn)、性質(zhì)分析試驗(yàn)、田間肥效試驗(yàn)、配比試驗(yàn)、用量試驗(yàn)等多個(gè)試驗(yàn)。田間試驗(yàn)以“鄭單958號(hào)”夏玉米為供試材料,2014-2015連續(xù)兩年研究不同處理對(duì)夏玉米產(chǎn)量、氮肥利用率、地上部氮素積累量、土壤無(wú)機(jī)態(tài)氮含量的影響,最終篩選出符合夏玉米生長(zhǎng)規(guī)律的專用脲甲醛緩釋肥。主要結(jié)論如下:1、脲甲醛生成的主要影響因素有尿素-甲醛摩爾比值(U/F)、溫度、p H、時(shí)間等兩階段七種因素。對(duì)活性指數(shù)活性指數(shù)(AI)及冷水不溶氮(CWIN)、熱水不溶氮(HWIN)影響最關(guān)鍵的是尿素-甲醛的摩爾比值(U/F)。對(duì)CWIN的主要影響,發(fā)生在亞甲基化反應(yīng)階段,而對(duì)HWIN影響最關(guān)鍵的因素,為第一階段溫度及第二階段溫度、pH2。2、脲甲醛緩釋肥(UF)作玉米一次性專用肥增產(chǎn)效果顯著,UFⅠ、UFⅡ、UFⅢ肥料處理較空白處理(CK)兩年中平均增產(chǎn)25.96%、27.26%、24.13%。較常規(guī)施肥(CF)兩年中平均增產(chǎn)6.53%、7.63%和4.98%。三種脲甲醛均有增產(chǎn)效果,但以UFⅡ產(chǎn)量最高,增產(chǎn)效果最佳。3、尿素與脲甲醛配施,配施比例以60%:40%為宜。在試驗(yàn)設(shè)定條件下,60%:40%配比的UFⅠ、UFⅡ、UFⅢ處理產(chǎn)量等指標(biāo)均優(yōu)于50%:50%配比的PUFⅠ、P UFⅡ、P UFⅢ。其中UFⅠ與PUFⅠ相比,產(chǎn)量波動(dòng)較小,未到達(dá)顯著性差異,產(chǎn)量較穩(wěn)定;UFⅡ較PUFⅡ增產(chǎn)8.5%,效果最顯著;而PUFⅢ較UFⅢ作物地上部氮素積累量顯著降低,產(chǎn)量降低。4、氮肥用量試驗(yàn)中,推薦施肥量處理(UF)的產(chǎn)量及氮肥利用率要優(yōu)于減氮處理(RUF)。其中RUFⅠ產(chǎn)量為10038.9 kg/hm2,UFⅠ較其高出7.2%并達(dá)到顯著性差異。但脲甲醛Ⅱ、Ⅲ肥料減氮后產(chǎn)量變化不顯著,尤其肥料Ⅲ產(chǎn)量及地上部氮素積累量均無(wú)顯著性差異,基本可以保證穩(wěn)產(chǎn)。對(duì)于同一種脲甲醛緩釋肥減氮后氮肥利用率降低,氮肥偏生產(chǎn)力提高。5、篩選出T3條件下生成的脲甲醛與尿素配施后所得到的緩釋肥UFⅡ,作玉米專用緩釋肥效果最好,其養(yǎng)分釋放規(guī)律能滿足玉米整個(gè)生育期對(duì)養(yǎng)分的需求。在減氮20%條件下,UFⅡ依然有良好表現(xiàn),是作夏玉米專用肥最佳選擇。緩釋肥UFⅠ效果僅次于UFⅡ,在減少脲甲醛比例條件下,UFⅠ能夠基本保證穩(wěn)產(chǎn),也是作夏玉米專用肥的另一優(yōu)良選擇。緩釋肥UFⅢ效果不及UFⅠ、UFⅡ,但其在減氮20%條件下,表現(xiàn)良好,基本保證穩(wěn)產(chǎn),也有一定的研究?jī)r(jià)值。
[Abstract]:In order to provide theoretical basis for the preparation of special fertilizer for summer corn, the effect of urea formaldehyde slow-release fertilizer with different components on summer corn was studied. Urea-formaldehyde preparation test, property analysis test, field fertilizer efficiency test, ratio test, dosage test and so on were designed in this paper. The effects of different treatments on yield, nitrogen use efficiency, aboveground nitrogen accumulation and inorganic nitrogen content of summer maize were studied in the field experiment with "Zhengdan 958" summer maize for two consecutive years in 2014-2015. Finally, a special urea formaldehyde slow release fertilizer suitable for summer maize growth was selected. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the main factors influencing the formation of UF are urea / formaldehyde molar ratio (U / F), temperature / H, time and so on. The most important effect on the activity index (AII), cold water insoluble nitrogen (CWINN) and hot water insoluble nitrogen (HWIN) is the molar ratio of urea to formaldehyde (U / F). The main effect on CWIN occurs at the stage of methylene reaction, and the most important factor affecting HWIN, For the temperature of the first stage and the temperature of the second stage (pH = 2.2), UF (UF) as a special fertilizer for maize could increase the yield significantly. Compared with the blank treatment, UF 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：2014759