本文選題：南酸棗落葉闊葉林 + 土壤磷　； 參考：《中南林業(yè)科技大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國中亞熱帶地區(qū)水熱條件良好,自然環(huán)境優(yōu)越,自然資源豐富,是我國重要的農林生產基地,在保護環(huán)境、維持人類可持續(xù)發(fā)展等方面發(fā)揮著重要的作用。土壤P素是極為重要土壤養(yǎng)分之一,是植物生長發(fā)育不可缺少的營養(yǎng)元素,能夠促進各種代謝正常進行,影響著植物的生長和發(fā)育,一定程度上影響著森林林木的生長以及森林生產力的提高。對土壤P素的空間異質性研究,是探討土壤P素與環(huán)境因子之間關系的有效方法,能夠有助于我們了解土壤結構的形成,探究土壤的理化性質和土壤功能。本研究在南酸棗(Choerospondias axillaris)落葉闊葉林建立1 hm2固定樣地,基于植物群落學調查數據和等距離網格布點取樣的土壤養(yǎng)分測定數據,采用地統(tǒng)計學和GIS相結合的方法,研究土壤P含量的空間變異特征及其與地形因子、生物因子、土壤因子的關系,為揭示亞熱帶森林土壤P空間分布的調控機制,為亞熱帶森林健康經營與管理提供了科學依據。研究結果表明：(1)南酸棗落葉闊葉林樣地地形因子、生物因子及土壤因子均呈正態(tài)分布,概率密度與頻數分布較為集中,地形因子中高程范圍在4.00～51.80 m,變異系數43.04%,凹凸度在-2.48～2.06之間,變異系數61.42%,均達到中等程度變異；生物因子中凋落物現(xiàn)存量在2.03 t·hm-2～16.50 t·hm-2之間,變異系數48.74%,物種數及植株數范圍分別在1.00～13.00和2.00～44.00之間,變異系數分布為32.55%和48.66%,達到中等程度變異；土壤因子中含水率在25.37%～46.27%之間,變異系數9.17%,土壤pH在4.02～4.69之間,變異系數3.43%,均為弱程度變異,有機C、全N含量在16.33～116.81g·kg-1、1.60～3.83g·kg-1之間,變異系數35.94%及17.8%,均達到中等程度變異。(2)樣地腐殖質層、0-10、10-20、20-30 cm土層全P含量范圍在0.12～0.54g·kg-1,平均值分別為0.36、0.29、0.27、0.23g·kg-1,變異系數分別為19.10%、23.95%、28.22%、28.84%;土層有效P含量范圍在4.88-22.29mg·kg-1,平均值分別為12.13、2.46、2.63、1.90mg·kg-1,變異系數分別為31.36%、35.40%、40.69%、44.95%；全P、有效P含量均達到了中等強度變異,隨著土壤深度增加,全P、有效P含量下降,變異程度增大,同一土層有效P含量的變異幅度較全P含量高；各土層土壤全P半方差函數的理論模型符合指數模型、球狀模型和高斯模型；有效P半方差函數的理論模型符合指數模型以及球狀模型；在中等尺度范圍上,土壤全P、有效P含量表現(xiàn)出中等強度的空間自相關性,表明空間異質性主要是由結構性因素引起的。(3)各土層全P含量變程為92.800～168.900 m,有效P含量變程為79.430-106.200 m,全P含量較有效P含量具有較大的空間自相關性尺度,空間連續(xù)性較高于有效P；土壤全P含量分維數范圍在1.86-1.978之間,土壤有效P含量分維數范圍在1.803-1.869之間,這表明土壤全P、有效P含量均具有良好的分形特征,有效P含量分維數較全P分維數低,具有更好的結構性,空間分布更加簡單,而全P的空間格局相對復雜。各土層全P、有效P含量呈明顯的條帶狀和斑塊狀梯度性分布,在一些小樣地內為相似的空間分布格局。(4)土壤全P、有效P含量與高程均呈顯著和極顯著負相關,與凹凸度也呈負相關,但除20-30cm土層全P達到極顯著負相關外,其余土層均未達到顯著水平。土壤全P、有效P含量與地表凋落物現(xiàn)存量呈顯著負相關,與樣地植物種數呈負相關,除20-30 cm土層全P含量與植物種數呈顯著相關外,其他各土層均未達到顯著水平,與樣地植物株數不存在相關性。土壤全P含量與土壤含水率呈負相關,除0-10 cm土層全P含量與含水率呈極顯著負相關外,其他各土層均未達到顯著水平;土壤有效P含量與土壤含水率呈正相關關系,除0-10 cm土層有效P含量與含水率呈顯著相關外,其他土層均未達到顯著水平；土壤全P、有效P含量與土壤pH呈正相關,除腐殖質層全P含量、0-10cm土層全P、20-30cm土層有效P含量外,其他土層與土壤pH相關性均未達到顯著水平；土壤全P、有效P與土壤有機C、全N均呈極顯著正相關�？梢�,土壤P素空間分異特征是受到多種環(huán)境因子綜合作用的。
[Abstract]:In the middle and subtropical regions of China, the water and heat conditions are good, the natural environment is superior, and the natural resources are rich. It is an important agricultural and forestry production base in China. It plays an important role in protecting the environment and maintaining the sustainable development of human beings. Soil P is one of the most important soil nutrients, which is an indispensable nutrient element for plant growth and development, and can promote the growth and development of plants. A variety of normal metabolism affects the growth and development of plants and affects the growth of forest trees and the increase of forest productivity to a certain extent. The study of spatial heterogeneity of soil P elements is an effective method to explore the relationship between soil P and environmental factors, which can help us to understand the formation of soil structure and explore the soil. In this study, 1 hm2 fixed plots were set up in the deciduous broadleaf forest of Choerospondias axillaris. Based on the data of plant community study and the measured data of soil nutrients sampled at the same distance grid, the spatial variation characteristics of the soil P content were studied by the combination of geostatistics and GIS. The relationship between the topographic factors, biological factors and soil factors to reveal the regulation mechanism of the spatial distribution of P in subtropical forest soil provides a scientific basis for the healthy management and management of subtropical forests. The results show that: (1) the terrain factors, biological factors and soil factors in the deciduous broad-leaved forest of the South sour jujube are all positive distribution, the probability density and the probability density. The frequency distribution is more concentrated, the height range of topographic factors is 4 to 51.80 m, the coefficient of variation is 43.04%, the concave and convex degree is between -2.48 and 2.06, the coefficient of variation is 61.42%, and the variation coefficient is moderate to the moderate degree. The litter size of the biological factor is between 2.03 t. Hm-2 to 16.50 t. Hm-2, the variation coefficient is 48.74%, the number of species and plant number are 1, respectively. Between 13 and 2 to 44, the variation coefficient is 32.55% and 48.66%, and the soil moisture content is between 25.37% and 46.27%, the coefficient of variation is 9.17%, the soil pH is 4.02 to 4.69, the coefficient of variation is 3.43%, and the organic C and all N content are between 16.33 ~ 116.81g. Kg-1,1.60 to 3.83g kg-1. The variation coefficient 35.94% and 17.8%, all reach the medium degree variation. (2) the ground humus layer, the 0-10,10-20,20-30 cm soil layer whole P content range is 0.12 ~ 0.54g. Kg-1, the average value is respectively 0.36,0.29,0.27,0.23g kg-1, the variation coefficient is 19.10%, 23.95%, 28.22%, 28.84% respectively, the soil layer effective P content range is 4.88-22.29mg. Kg-1, the average value is respectively 12.13,2.46,2.63,1.90mg. Kg-1, the coefficient of variation was 31.36%, 35.40%, 40.69%, 44.95%; all P, the content of effective P reached medium intensity variation. As the soil depth increased, all P, the content of effective P decreased, the variation degree increased, the variation amplitude of the effective P content in the same soil layer was higher than that of the whole P; the whole P half variance function of the soil layer soil was full. The model conforms to the exponential model, the spherical model and the Gauss model; the theoretical model of the effective P semi variance function conforms to the exponential model and the spherical model. On the medium scale, the soil P and the effective P content show the medium intensity spatial autocorrelation, indicating that the spatial heterogeneity is mainly caused by the structural factors. (3) the whole soil layer is all the soil layer. The content variation of P was 92.800 ~ 168.900 m, the content of effective P content changed to 79.430-106.200 m, the total P content had larger spatial autocorrelation scale than the effective P content, and the spatial continuity was higher than that of the effective P; the whole soil P content fractal dimension range was between 1.86-1.978, and the effective P content of soil was between the 1.803-1.869. The content of effective P has a good fractal feature. The fractal dimension of effective P content is lower than that of all P fractal dimension. It has better structure and more simple spatial distribution, while the spatial pattern of all P is relatively complex. All soil layers are P, the effective P content is obviously striped and patch like gradient distribution, and a similar spatial distribution pattern in some small plots. (4) the soil all P, the effective P content and elevation are significantly and significantly negative correlation, and the degree of concave and convex is also negative correlation, but in addition to the 20-30cm soil layer all P is extremely significant negative correlation, the other soil layers are not reached significant level. The soil all P, the effective P content is negatively correlated with the ground litter size, except for the number of plant species negative correlation, except 20-30. The total P content in the cm soil layer was significantly related to the number of plant species, and the other soil layers did not reach the significant level, and there was no correlation with the number of plant plants. The total P content in soil was negatively correlated with soil moisture content. Except the total P content in the 0-10 cm soil layer was negatively correlated with the water content, the soil layers were not significantly higher than that of the soil, and the effective soil P contained the soil layer. There is a positive correlation between the soil moisture content and the soil moisture content, except that the effective P content of the 0-10 cm soil layer is significantly correlated with the water content, and all the other soil layers have not reached a significant level. The total soil P, the effective P content is positively correlated with the soil pH, except the total P content in the humus layer, the 0-10cm soil whole P, the effective P content of the 20-30cm soil layer, and the pH correlation between the other soil layers and the soil. The soil all P, effective P and soil organic C and all N have significant positive correlation. It is obvious that the spatial differentiation characteristics of soil P are integrated with various environmental factors.
【學位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S714

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