本文選題：芝麻 + 盛花期漬水�。� 參考：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：漬害是影響芝麻生產(chǎn)的主要逆境因素,常導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)量下降甚至絕收。盛花期是芝麻對漬害最為敏感的時期,因此定量化研究盛花期漬水條件下芝麻的生長發(fā)育、同化物積累與分配,可以為芝麻生產(chǎn)力預(yù)測、漬害評估、漬害預(yù)警等提供依據(jù),也可為建立漬害條件下芝麻生長模型奠定基礎(chǔ)。本研究采用盆栽試驗的方法,以兩個耐漬性不同的芝麻品種(耐漬型品種中芝13與不耐漬型品種鄭芝13)為材料,在盛花期設(shè)置漬水Oh、24h、36h、48h和60h五個處理,研究了不同漬水條件下芝麻株高、葉齡、葉面積指數(shù)和干物質(zhì)積累與分配的動態(tài)特征并進行定量化分析。研究結(jié)果如下:1.芝麻相對株高、葉齡、干物質(zhì)積累量與苗后相對天數(shù)的關(guān)系均符合Logistic曲線變化規(guī)律,且擬合結(jié)果均達到顯著水平。通過對Logistic方程參數(shù)及次級參數(shù)的分析可知,盛花期漬水快株高增長速率,但隨著漬水持續(xù)時間增長,增長速率增加幅度逐漸減小,兩品種漬水24h處理與對照相比株高顯著升高,漬水達36h后株高與對照差異不顯著;漬水降低了葉齡增長速率,并隨處理時間增長,下降幅度增大。漬水降低了芝麻干物質(zhì)積累速率,并且隨著漬水持續(xù)時間增長降低幅度增大,中芝13漬水達到36h后,鄭芝13漬水達到24h后,干物重均較對照顯著降低。2.芝麻相對LAI與相對苗后天數(shù)的關(guān)系可用Gauss方程進行擬合,擬合決定系數(shù)均在0.89以上。通過分析擬合參數(shù)可知,兩品種漬水處理LAI最大值均較對照顯著降低,達到最大值時間顯著提前。3.芝麻相對葉分配指數(shù)與苗后相對天數(shù)的關(guān)系可用二次多項式進行曲線擬合,相對蒴果分配指數(shù)與花后相對天數(shù)的關(guān)系可用Logistic曲線擬合,擬合結(jié)果均達到顯著性水平。漬水對芝麻葉分配指數(shù)的擬合參數(shù)沒有顯著影響,但蒴果分配指數(shù)的擬合參數(shù)k隨著漬水時間增長逐漸降低,其中鄭芝13漬水達48h后降低極顯著。說明漬水降低蒴果分配指數(shù),但對葉的分配指數(shù)影響不顯著。綜上所述:芝麻株高、葉齡、干物質(zhì)積累量與苗后天數(shù)的關(guān)系、蒴果分配指數(shù)與花后天數(shù)的關(guān)系均可用Logistic曲線擬合;LAI與苗后天數(shù)的關(guān)系可用Gauss曲線擬合;葉分配指數(shù)與苗后天數(shù)的關(guān)系可用二次多項式進行曲線擬合。盛花期漬水加快株高增長速率,降低了葉齡增長速率,使芝麻LAI達到最大值的時間提前,最大值降低;漬水降低了芝麻干物質(zhì)積累速率,增大了莖分配指數(shù),降低蒴果分配指數(shù)。
[Abstract]:Waterlogging is the main adverse factor affecting the production of sesame, which often leads to the decline of yield and even the end of harvest. The full flowering stage is the most sensitive period for sesame seeds to waterlogging. Therefore, the quantitative study on the growth and development of sesame seeds, the accumulation and distribution of assimilates under waterlogging conditions can provide the basis for the prediction of sesame productivity, the assessment of waterlogging damage, the early warning of waterlogging damage, and so on. It can also lay a foundation for establishing the growth model of sesame under the condition of waterlogging. In this study, two sesame varieties with different resistance to waterlogging (Zhongzhi 13 and Zheng Zhi 13) were used as materials in pot experiment. The dynamic characteristics of plant height, leaf age, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation and distribution under different waterlogging conditions were studied and analyzed quantitatively. The results are as follows: 1. The relationship between the relative plant height, leaf age, dry matter accumulation and relative days after seedling was in accordance with the Logistic curve, and the fitting results were all significant. Through the analysis of the parameters of Logistic equation and secondary parameters, it can be seen that the growth rate of rapid plant height in waterlogging in the peak flowering period is increasing, but with the increase of waterlogging duration, the increasing range of the growth rate gradually decreases, and the plant height of the two varieties increased significantly compared with the control in 24h waterlogging treatment. There was no significant difference between the plant height and the control after waterlogging for 36 h, but waterlogging decreased the growth rate of leaf age, and increased with the treatment time. Waterlogging decreased dry matter accumulation rate of sesame seeds, and increased with the increase of waterlogging duration. After waterlogging of Zhongzhi 13 reached 36 hours, Zheng Zhi 13 waterlogging reached 24 hours, dry matter weight decreased significantly compared with control. The relationship between relative Lai and relative days after seedling can be fitted by Gauss equation, and the determining coefficients of fitting are above 0.89. According to the analysis of fitting parameters, the maximum value of Lai in waterlogging treatment of the two varieties was significantly lower than that of the control, and the time of reaching the maximum value was significantly earlier than that of the control. The relationship between the relative leaf distribution index of sesame seeds and the relative days after seedling can be fitted by quadratic polynomial, and the relationship between the distribution index of capsule and the relative days after anthesis can be fitted by Logistic curve. Waterlogging had no significant effect on the fitting parameters of sesame leaf distribution index, but the fitting parameter k of capsule distribution index decreased gradually with the increase of waterlogging time, and Zheng Zhi 13 decreased significantly after 48 hours of waterlogging. The results showed that waterlogging decreased the distribution index of capsule, but had no significant effect on the distribution index of leaves. To sum up: the relationship between plant height, leaf age, dry matter accumulation and days after seedling, and the relationship between capsule distribution index and days after anthesis can be fitted by Logistic curve fitting the relationship between Lai and days after seedling can be fitted by Gauss curve. The relationship between leaf distribution index and days after seedling can be fitted by quadratic polynomial. Waterlogging accelerated the growth rate of plant height, decreased the growth rate of leaf age, advanced the time of reaching the maximum value of Lai, decreased the maximum value, decreased the dry matter accumulation rate and increased the stem distribution index of Sesame. Reduce the capsule distribution index.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S565.3;S422

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