發(fā)布時間：2018-06-12 19:15

  本文選題：麻櫟 + 混交　； 參考：《河南農業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：麻櫟(Quercus acutissima)屬殼斗科(Fagaceae)落葉喬木,是我國低山丘陵地區(qū)重要的薪炭林樹種,也是我國今后發(fā)展林業(yè)生物質能源林的重要樹種,單一純林往往難以抵御自然災害。麻櫟混交林的研究在提高土壤理化性狀、枯落物層蓄水量,提高林間平均胸徑樹高等方面已有報道。但馬尾松-麻櫟混交林在混交比例及立地條件方面的文獻很少出現。馬尾松(Pinus massoniana)根系發(fā)達,主根明顯,有根菌,對土壤要求不嚴格,喜微酸性土壤,在石礫土、沙質土、粘土、山脊和陽坡的沖刷薄地上,以及陡峭的石山巖縫里都能生長。濕地松(pinus elliottii),為速生常綠喬木,它既抗旱又耐勞、耐瘠,有良好的適應性和抗逆力,經常作為風景林和低山丘陵地帶的水土保持林。火炬松(Pinus taeda)一般垂直分布在500米以下的低山、丘陵、崗地造林。本試驗采用野外樣地調查和實驗室研究相結合的方法,采集馬尾松-麻櫟混交、濕地松-麻櫟混交、火炬松-麻櫟混交和麻櫟純林樣地0-10 cm土層和10-20 cm土層土壤,研究了不同混交類型和混交比例以及坡向、坡度方面有關的土壤物理結構和營養(yǎng)元素的差異性,對指導生態(tài)重建有重要的理論和實踐意義。主要研究結果如下:1.南坡與北坡相比:南坡土壤含水率高于北坡土壤;南坡土壤硬度低于北坡土壤壤;0-10cm土層,土壤硝態(tài)氮、土壤可溶性有機氮、有機質含量南坡均低于北坡土壤;相反土壤銨態(tài)氮、土壤有效磷含量均高于北坡土壤。2.不同混交類型相比:馬尾松-麻櫟混交林土壤pH最低;火炬松-麻櫟混交林土壤砂粒所占粒徑組成比例最大,其他林型均是粉粒所占比例最大;在0-10cm土層土壤硝態(tài)氮含量和可溶性有機氮含量馬尾松麻櫟混交林最大,且0-10 cm土層到10-20cm土層馬尾松麻櫟混交變化幅度最為明顯;0-10cm土層土壤有效磷含量低于10-20 cm土層含量。3.通過坡度對土壤理化性質的影響測定,結果研究表明:土壤硬度、土壤容重和土壤pH隨著坡度的升高呈現先降低再升高又降低的變化趨勢。4.通過對馬尾松-麻櫟混交不同比例土壤各指標的測定分析,結果表明:控制混交比例在1:2到1:7之間有利混交林土壤的改良發(fā)育。
[Abstract]:Quercus acutissima (Quercus acutissima) is a deciduous tree of Fagaceaeae. Quercus acutissima is an important fuelwood forest tree species in low mountain and hilly region of China, and it is also an important tree species for developing forest biomass energy forest in China in the future. The single pure forest is often difficult to resist natural disasters. The research on mixed forest of Quercus acutissima has been reported in improving soil physical and chemical properties, storing water in litter layer and increasing average DBH tree height among forests. However, the literature on mixed proportion and site conditions of Pinus massoniana and Quercus acutissima mixed forest was rare. Pinus massoniana has developed root system, obvious root and rhizobia, which is not strict to soil. It can grow in gravel soil, sandy soil, clay, ridge and sunny slope, as well as steep rock crevice. Pinus elliottii (Pinus elliottii), a fast-growing evergreen tree, is drought resistant, resistant to labor, barren, and has good adaptability and resistance to adverse stress. It is often used as a forest for soil and water conservation in scenic forests and low hilly areas. Pinus taedera) is generally distributed vertically in the low mountains, hills and hills below 500 meters for afforestation. In this experiment, the soil layer of 0-10 cm soil layer and 10-20 cm soil layer of Pinus massoniana mixed with Quercus acutissima, Pinus elliottii and Quercus acutissima mixed with Pinus elliottii and pure forest of Quercus acutissima were collected by means of field investigation and laboratory study. The differences of soil physical structure and nutrient elements related to different mixed types and ratios, as well as slope direction and slope, are studied, which have important theoretical and practical significance in guiding ecological reconstruction. The main results are as follows: 1. Compared with the north slope, the soil moisture content in the south slope is higher than that in the north slope, the soil hardness in the south slope is lower than that in the north slope soil layer, the nitrate nitrogen, the soluble organic nitrogen, the organic matter content in the south slope are lower than those in the north slope soil, the soil ammonium nitrogen in the south slope is lower than that in the north slope soil. The content of available phosphorus in soil was higher than that in North Slope soil. The soil pH was the lowest in the mixed forest of Pinus massoniana and Quercus acutissima, the proportion of sand in the mixed forest was the largest, and the proportion of silt was the largest in other forest types. The content of nitrate nitrogen and soluble organic nitrogen in soil of 0-10cm soil layer was the largest in mixed forest of Pinus massoniana and Quercus acutissima, and the range of mixed change from 0-10 cm soil layer to 10-20cm soil layer was the most obvious. The soil available phosphorus content of 0-10 cm soil layer was lower than that of 10-20 cm soil layer. The effects of slope on soil physical and chemical properties were determined. The results showed that soil hardness, soil bulk density and soil pH showed a tendency of decreasing first and then increasing and then decreasing with the increase of slope. Through the determination and analysis of soil indexes of different proportions of Pinus massoniana and Quercus acutissima, the results showed that the control of mixed ratio between 1:2 and 1:7 was beneficial to the improvement and development of mixed forest soil.
【學位授予單位】：河南農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S714.2

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本文編號：2010777