本文選題：灌溉 + 氮肥　； 參考：《植物營養(yǎng)與肥料學(xué)報》2016年04期

【摘要】：【目的】針對我國設(shè)施蔬菜生產(chǎn)中存在的水肥過量施用問題,研究不同水氮條件下黃瓜-番茄種植體系內(nèi)的土壤氨揮發(fā)特征,探討影響設(shè)施菜地土壤氨揮發(fā)的重要因子,為降低氮肥的氨揮發(fā)損失、建立合理的灌溉和施肥制度提供參考�！痉椒ā恳匀A北平原設(shè)施黃瓜-番茄輪作菜地為研究對象,設(shè)常規(guī)灌溉(W1)和減量灌溉(W2)2個灌溉水平,每種灌溉水平下設(shè)不施氮(N0)、減量施氮(N1)和常規(guī)施氮(N2)3個氮水平,共6個處理組合(W1N0、W1N1、W1N2、W2N0、W2N1、W2N2)。采用通氣法監(jiān)測不同水氮條件下黃瓜-番茄輪作體系內(nèi)的土壤氨揮發(fā)動態(tài),分析與土壤氨揮發(fā)相關(guān)的主要影響因子�！窘Y(jié)果】設(shè)施黃瓜-番茄種植體系內(nèi)表層(0—10 cm)土壤銨態(tài)氮受施肥的影響波動較大,與常規(guī)施氮(N2)相比,相同灌水條件下減量施氮(N1)處理的0—10 cm土層銨態(tài)氮濃度最高值降低了25.1%30.3%(P0.05)。減量施氮可顯著降低土壤氨揮發(fā)速率。與常規(guī)施氮(N2)相比,減量施氮處理(N1)在黃瓜季和番茄季內(nèi)的氨揮發(fā)速率均值分別降低了21.1%22.8%(P0.05)和16.5%17.9%(P0.05)。整個黃瓜-番茄輪作周期內(nèi),土壤氨揮發(fā)損失量和氮肥的氨揮發(fā)損失率分別為17.8 48.1 kg/hm2和1.23%1.44%。與常規(guī)施氮(N2)相比,減量施氮處理(N1)的土壤氨揮發(fā)損失量及氮肥的氨揮發(fā)損失率分別降低了19.3%20.0%(P0.05)和0.85 0.92個百分點。各處理土壤氨揮發(fā)速率與0—10 cm土壤銨態(tài)氮濃度呈顯著或極顯著正相關(guān),說明0—10 cm土壤銨態(tài)氮濃度是土壤氨揮發(fā)的重要驅(qū)動因子。與常規(guī)灌溉(W1)相比,減量灌溉(W2)條件下設(shè)施菜地土壤氨揮發(fā)速率及氨揮發(fā)損失量略有增加(P0.05)。適宜減少氮肥及灌溉量不僅能夠維持較高的蔬菜產(chǎn)量,而且顯著提高了灌溉水和氮肥的利用效率。其中減量施氮處理(N1)的氮肥農(nóng)學(xué)效率比常規(guī)施氮(N2)提高了95.4%146.4%;減量灌溉(W2)的灌溉水農(nóng)學(xué)效率比常規(guī)灌溉(W1)提高了27.7%54.0%。【結(jié)論】通過合理的節(jié)水減氮措施可達到抑制氮肥氨揮發(fā)損失、增加產(chǎn)量以及提高水氮利用效率的目的。在供試條件下,節(jié)水30%左右、減施氮量25%的水氮組合(W2N1)具有較佳的經(jīng)濟效益與環(huán)境效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:[objective] to study the characteristics of soil ammonia volatilization in cucumber tomato planting system under different water and nitrogen conditions, and to discuss the important factors affecting ammonia volatilization in greenhouse vegetable production. In order to reduce the ammonia volatilization loss of nitrogen fertilizer and to establish a reasonable irrigation and fertilization system, two irrigation levels, conventional irrigation (W1) and reduced irrigation (W22), were set up in the greenhouse cucumber and tomato rotation vegetable fields in North China Plain. Under each irrigation level, there were three nitrogen levels: no N _ 0 N _ 0, N _ 2 N _ 1) and N _ 2N _ 2N _ 2N _ 2N _ 2). There were six treatments, W1N _ 0 and W _ 1N _ 1C _ 1N _ 1C _ 1N _ 2N _ 2C _ 2N _ 2N _ 2N _ 2. The soil ammonia volatilization dynamics in cucumber tomato rotation system were monitored by aeration method under different water and nitrogen conditions. The main influencing factors related to ammonia volatilization in soil were analyzed. [results] the effect of fertilization on soil ammonium nitrogen in the surface layer of cucumber tomato planting system was larger than that of conventional nitrogen fertilizer N _ 2). Under the same irrigation condition, the highest concentration of ammonium nitrogen in 0-10 cm soil layer decreased by 25.10.3% and P 0.05% under the same irrigation condition. Soil ammonia volatilization rate was significantly decreased by reducing nitrogen application. The average ammonia volatilization rate in cucumber season and tomato season was decreased by 21.1 ". 8% P0.05) and 16.5% P0.05% respectively. The soil ammonia volatilization loss and nitrogen fertilizer volatilization loss rate were 17.848.1 kg/hm2 and 1.231.44 kg/hm2, respectively, during the whole cucumber tomato rotation period. Compared with the conventional N 2 application, the soil ammonia volatilization loss and the ammonia volatilization loss rate of N fertilizer decreased by 19.30% and 0.85 0.92%, respectively. The ammonia volatilization rate of each treatment was significantly or extremely significantly correlated with the concentration of ammonium nitrogen in 0-10 cm soil, indicating that the concentration of ammonium nitrogen in 0-10 cm soil was an important driving factor for ammonia volatilization. Compared with conventional irrigation (W1), the ammonia volatilization rate and ammonia volatilization loss of vegetable soil under reduced irrigation (W2) increased slightly (P 0.05). The suitable reduction of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation amount can not only maintain higher vegetable yield, but also significantly improve the utilization efficiency of irrigation water and nitrogen fertilizer. The agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer treated with reduced nitrogen application was increased by 95.4 ~ 6.4g / L than that by conventional N ~ + -N _ 2), and the agronomic efficiency of irrigation water by reducing N _ 2) was increased by 27.7T.0g) compared with that by conventional irrigation. [conclusion] the ammonia volatilization loss of nitrogen fertilizer can be restrained by reasonable measures of saving water and reducing nitrogen. The purpose of increasing yield and increasing water and nitrogen use efficiency. Under the test condition, the combination of water and nitrogen with water saving about 30% and nitrogen reducing rate 25% has better economic benefit and environmental effect.
【作者單位】： 北京農(nóng)業(yè)智能裝備技術(shù)研究中心;中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)資源與農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)劃研究所 耕地培育技術(shù)國家工程實驗室;內(nèi)蒙古低碳發(fā)展研究院;
【基金】：國家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計劃項目(2013AA102901) 北京市農(nóng)林科學(xué)院科技創(chuàng)新能力建設(shè)專項(KJCX20140415) 公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(201203077) 北京市農(nóng)林科學(xué)院青年基金(QNJJ201421) 北京市優(yōu)秀人才項目(2015000057592G267)資助
【分類號】：S143.1;S626

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