本文選題：蛆糞有機(jī)肥 + 分離鑒定�。� 參考：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：有機(jī)肥料含有大量的有機(jī)質(zhì)和腐殖質(zhì),不只可以改善耕地土壤肥力從而給植物提供充沛的養(yǎng)分,并且其對土壤的病蟲害也有很好的抑制作用。本文所用蛆糞有機(jī)肥由云南xx公司開發(fā)和生產(chǎn)的生物有機(jī)肥,蛆糞有機(jī)肥以雞糞為主要原料,經(jīng)EM菌發(fā)酵后用于養(yǎng)殖蠅蛆,蠅蛆收集后所剩渣料經(jīng)高溫發(fā)酵,冷卻后干燥而成,其水分為20%,pH值8.0,有機(jī)質(zhì)含量54%,總養(yǎng)分為9.7%,重金屬含量符合NY 525-2012標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本文從蛆糞有機(jī)肥中分離對玉米6種常見致病真菌(玉米紋枯病菌、玉米小斑病菌、玉米穗腐病禾谷鐮刀菌、玉米彎孢霉葉斑病菌、玉米灰斑病菌、尖孢鐮刀菌)具有抑制效果的20株細(xì)菌菌株,并對其中的8株進(jìn)行了16S rDNA測序及系統(tǒng)發(fā)育分析。結(jié)果表明,C4為地衣芽孢桿菌(Bacillus licheniformis), A6、 C1、C5、N3、N6菌株為枯草芽孢桿菌(Bacillus subtilis), N7菌株為解淀粉芽孢桿菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), C2菌株屬于芽孢桿菌屬。蛆糞有機(jī)肥中含有多種抑菌物質(zhì),本文通過制備不同濃度的蛆糞有機(jī)肥提取液,研究其對玉米6種常見致病真菌及根際線蟲的抑制效果。結(jié)果表明,蛆糞有機(jī)肥對7種玉米致病真菌都有很好的抑制效果,且活性比較高,每20m1培養(yǎng)基中加2m1濃縮提取液,對尖孢鐮刀菌的抑制率為74.7%,對其他玉米致病菌均達(dá)到100%,同時對感染了尖孢鐮刀菌的玉米種子有一定的防治作用；對線蟲的殺傷作用也優(yōu)于復(fù)合肥,40g/L的蛆糞有機(jī)肥浸漬液24h即可對線蟲達(dá)到100%的致死率。從三七白粉病植株葉片上分離獲得其致病真菌白粉孢霉,研究蛆糞有機(jī)肥提取液對白粉孢霉的抑制作用及對三七白粉病的防治效果。結(jié)果表明蛆糞提取液對白粉孢霉有很強(qiáng)的抑制作用。蛆糞有機(jī)肥提取液稀釋100倍對患病葉子噴霧效果最好,但是還是未能治愈,只能緩解病情,將大概50%植株病情降到三級及其以下。為了探討蛆糞有機(jī)肥對植物生長的促進(jìn)作用,本文進(jìn)行了有機(jī)肥施用對小白菜幼苗的生長及幼苗葉片保護(hù)酶酶活影響的比較,結(jié)果表明,施加蛆糞有機(jī)肥有機(jī)肥／基質(zhì)質(zhì)量比為15%對植物生長最好,添加適當(dāng)有機(jī)肥可增加葉片保護(hù)酶活性,降低MDA含量,從而達(dá)到對葉片細(xì)胞的保護(hù)作用,增加小白菜幼苗對外界環(huán)境的抗逆性。本文最后進(jìn)行了利用施用蛆糞有機(jī)肥和填砂翻耕對曲靖市綠源蔬菜專業(yè)合作社的白漿土耕地和大根病多發(fā)耕地的改良試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明,兩塊地的改良效果十分明顯。白漿土壤耕地的芥藍(lán)較未改造前長勢好,大根病多發(fā)地的菜心收獲期縮短,菜心品質(zhì)明顯提高。綜上所述,蛆糞有機(jī)肥具有獨(dú)特的肥效和特征,值得進(jìn)一步研發(fā)推廣。
[Abstract]:Organic fertilizer contains a large amount of organic matter and humus which can not only improve soil fertility and provide abundant nutrients for plants but also inhibit soil diseases and insect pests. The maggot manure used in this paper is a biological organic fertilizer developed and produced by Yunnan xx Company. Chicken manure is the main raw material of maggot manure, which is fermented by EM bacteria for breeding fly maggots. The residue of fly maggots collected is fermented at high temperature and dried after cooling. Its water is divided into 20% pH value 8.0, organic matter content 54, total nutrient 9.7m, heavy metal content accord with NY525-2012 standard. In this paper, six common pathogenic fungi (maize sheath blight, corn spot, ear rot of corn, Fusarium graminearum, Curvularia cornus, leaf spot of maize and gray spot of corn) were isolated from maggot manure. Among the 20 strains of Fusarium oxysporum, 8 of them were sequenced by 16s rDNA and phylogenetic analysis. The results showed that C _ 4 was Bacillus licheniformis, A _ 6, C _ (1) C _ (5) N _ (3) N _ (6) was Bacillus subtilisus, N7 was Bacillus amyloliquefaciensus, and C _ 2 belonged to Bacillus subtilis. There are many kinds of antimicrobial substances in maggot manure organic fertilizer. In this paper, different concentrations of maggot manure organic fertilizer extract were prepared to study the inhibitory effect on six common pathogenic fungi and rhizosphere nematodes in maize. The results showed that maggot manure had a good inhibitory effect on seven maize pathogenic fungi, and its activity was high. 2m1 was added to each 20m1 medium. The inhibition rate of Fusarium oxysporum was 74.7% and 100% to other maize pathogenic bacteria. It also had certain control effect on maize seeds infected with Fusarium oxysporum. The killing effect to nematodes was also superior to that of 40 g / L compound fertilizer, and the lethal rate of nematodes reached 100% in 24 hours. The pathogenic fungus of powdery mildew of Panax notoginseng was isolated from the leaves of the plant. The inhibitory effect of the organic fertilizer extract of maggots on powdery mildew of Panax notoginseng and its control effect on powdery mildew of Panax notoginseng were studied. The results showed that the extract of maggot dung had a strong inhibitory effect on P. albicans. The 100 times dilution of maggot manure organic fertilizer extract had the best effect on spraying the diseased leaves, but it could not be cured and could only alleviate the disease, reducing about 50% of the plants to three levels and below. In order to study the promoting effect of maggot manure on plant growth, the effects of organic fertilizer application on the growth of pakchoi seedlings and the protective enzyme activities of seedling leaves were compared. Application of 15% maggot-manure organic fertilizer / substrate mass ratio is the best for plant growth. Adding appropriate organic fertilizer can increase the activity of leaf protection enzymes and reduce MDA content, so as to achieve the protective effect on leaf cells. To increase the resistance of pakchoi seedlings to external environment. At the end of this paper, using maggot manure and sand-filling to improve the cultivated land in the Green-source vegetable Cooperatives of Qujing City. The results show that the improvement effect of the two plots is very obvious. In white pulp soil cultivated land, kale grew better than that before transformation, the harvest period of cauliflower was shortened and the quality of cauliflower was improved obviously in the high root disease-prone area. To sum up, maggots manure organic fertilizer has a unique fertilizer efficiency and characteristics, it is worth further research and promotion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S141;S474.3

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