本文選題：耕地質(zhì)量 + 綜合評價　； 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在當(dāng)今的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和生產(chǎn)活動中,土地作為人類發(fā)展和賴以生存的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)占據(jù)著非常重要的作用,然而我國人多地少的國情特點意味著我們必須要科學(xué)合理地利用每一寸土地。當(dāng)今,我國城市化的發(fā)展越來越快,在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中,耕地作為土地資源的精華,是最基本需要的物質(zhì)條件,對耕地資源的保護(hù)與合理利用是解決目前糧食問題的重要手段。而近些年來我國的耕地數(shù)量逐漸在減少,耕地質(zhì)量逐漸在下降,耕地保護(hù)迫在眉睫。因此,通過加強(qiáng)耕地質(zhì)量建設(shè),有效提高耕地質(zhì)量和耕地產(chǎn)能,為保障區(qū)域糧食安全、推進(jìn)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)快速發(fā)展具有重要作用�；巨r(nóng)田分區(qū)建設(shè)是指根據(jù)耕地的自然條件及土地利用特點、差異特性及限制因素,將規(guī)劃區(qū)內(nèi)耕地劃分為不同的土地利用區(qū)域,針對不同區(qū)域的特點,提出適應(yīng)本區(qū)域的基礎(chǔ)地力改良、農(nóng)田基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)及耕地利用的規(guī)�；却胧�。本研究在了解耕地質(zhì)量評價、基本農(nóng)田保護(hù)等國內(nèi)外研究進(jìn)展及相關(guān)概念的基礎(chǔ)上,依據(jù)區(qū)位與區(qū)劃理論、系統(tǒng)學(xué)理論、人地關(guān)系理論、可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論、外部性理論等理論基礎(chǔ),以黑龍江省綏化市北林區(qū)為研究區(qū),構(gòu)建土壤質(zhì)量、農(nóng)田基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、耕作田塊條件3方面的耕地綜合質(zhì)量評價指標(biāo)體系,評價耕地綜合質(zhì)量狀況并劃分基本農(nóng)田不同類型區(qū),進(jìn)而提出分區(qū)建設(shè)的建議和措施。全文研究主要內(nèi)容和成果如下:(1)耕地質(zhì)量評價指標(biāo)體系構(gòu)建。以基本農(nóng)田建設(shè)與保護(hù)為根本目標(biāo),在明確相關(guān)概念內(nèi)涵及研究理論基礎(chǔ)上,從土壤質(zhì)量、農(nóng)田基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、耕作田塊條件3方面選取有效土層厚度、土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量、土壤質(zhì)地、土壤PH值、地形坡度、農(nóng)田防護(hù)林比率、田間道路通達(dá)度、灌排條件、田塊形態(tài)、田塊規(guī)模等10個指標(biāo)。(2)耕地綜合質(zhì)量評價及分區(qū)研究。運用綜合指數(shù)模型計算研究區(qū)內(nèi)耕地質(zhì)量綜合分值。分值最高為94.86,最低為66.94,運用自然斷點法及GIS技術(shù)將全區(qū)耕地劃分為優(yōu)先劃定型、適宜調(diào)入型、重點建設(shè)型和退出型耕地區(qū)。(3)不同類型區(qū)基本農(nóng)田分區(qū)建設(shè)研究。優(yōu)先劃定型耕地區(qū)是全區(qū)耕地質(zhì)量最優(yōu)的區(qū)域,是未來基本農(nóng)田保護(hù)的核心,不僅可直接劃為基本農(nóng)田,也是高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田建設(shè)的首選對象;適宜調(diào)入型耕地區(qū)整體質(zhì)量略遜一籌,但無較大的限制因素,可作為基本農(nóng)田劃定對象,未來通過一定基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和權(quán)屬調(diào)整對其稍加改造,也可作為基本農(nóng)田優(yōu)先建設(shè)區(qū)域;重點建設(shè)型耕地區(qū)耕地質(zhì)量存在一定障礙,需判別限制因素后,采取差別化的土地整理模式與農(nóng)田經(jīng)營管理調(diào)控手段,提出土地整治的方向、目標(biāo)和時序;退出型耕地區(qū)耕地質(zhì)量差且限制因素顯著,該區(qū)不適宜劃為基本農(nóng)田,未來以增強(qiáng)土地生態(tài)功能、保障區(qū)域耕地可持續(xù)利用為目標(biāo),提高區(qū)域耕地生態(tài)安全。通過對不同類型區(qū)基本農(nóng)田分區(qū)建設(shè),可有效提升耕地綜合質(zhì)量,保障區(qū)域糧食綜合產(chǎn)能,為推進(jìn)規(guī)�；巨r(nóng)田集中建設(shè)與保護(hù)、推動兩大平原農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)進(jìn)程提供依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In today's social and economic development and production activities, land occupies a very important role as the basis for human development and the material basis for survival. However, the characteristics of our country's national conditions mean that we must make use of every inch of land scientifically and rationally. Today, the development of urbanization in our country is growing faster and faster in agricultural production, As the essence of land resources, cultivated land is the most essential material condition. The protection and rational utilization of cultivated land resources is an important means to solve the problem of grain. In recent years, the number of cultivated land in China is gradually decreasing, the quality of cultivated land is gradually decreasing and the protection of cultivated land is urgent. Therefore, the quality of cultivated land is strengthened and the quality of cultivated land is strengthened. Improving the quality of cultivated land and productivity of cultivated land has an important role in ensuring regional grain security and promoting the rapid development of modern agriculture. The basic farmland zoning construction refers to the division of cultivated land in the planned area into different land use areas according to the natural conditions and land use characteristics of cultivated land, and to different regions. On the basis of understanding the development of farmland quality evaluation, basic farmland protection and other domestic and foreign research progress and related concepts, this study is based on the theory of location and zoning, systematic theory, human land relationship theory and sustainable development theory. On the basis of the theory of externality and so on, taking the north forest area of Suihua city of Heilongjiang Province as the research area, the comprehensive quality evaluation index system of 3 aspects of soil quality, farmland infrastructure and tillage field conditions is constructed, the comprehensive quality of cultivated land is evaluated and the different types of basic farmland are divided, and the suggestions and measures for regional construction are put forward. The main contents and achievements of the study are as follows: (1) the construction of the evaluation index system of cultivated land quality. Based on the basic goal of basic farmland construction and protection, the effective soil thickness, soil organic matter content and soil quality are selected from 3 aspects of soil quality, farmland infrastructure construction and tillage field conditions. Soil pH, soil pH, terrain slope, farmland shelterbelt ratio, field road accessibility, irrigation and drainage conditions, field shape, field scale and other 10 indicators. (2) comprehensive quality evaluation and zoning of cultivated land. The comprehensive index is used to calculate the comprehensive score of cultivated land quality in the study area. The maximum value is 94.86, the lowest is 66.94, and the natural breakpoint method and GIS are used. The area of cultivated land in the whole area is divided into priority type, suitable for adjustment type, key construction type and exit type tillage area. (3) research on the construction of basic farmland zoning in different types. The priority area is the best area for the quality of cultivated land in the whole region, it is the core of the future basic farmland protection, not only the basic farmland, but also the high standard farmer. The first choice of the field construction is that the overall quality of the area suitable for entering the type tillage area is slightly inferior, but there is no big restriction factor, which can be used as the target for the basic farmland to be delimited. In the future, it can be reformed by certain basic facilities construction and ownership adjustment, and can also be used as the priority area of the basic farmland; the quality of cultivated land in the key construction type cultivated area has a certain quality. After the obstacle, it is necessary to distinguish the restrictive factors, adopt the differential land consolidation mode and the management and control means of farmland management, put forward the direction, target and time sequence of land renovation, the quality of cultivated land is poor and the limiting factors are remarkable, the area is not suitable for the basic farmland, the land ecological function is enhanced in the future, and the sustainable benefit of the regional arable land is guaranteed. In order to improve the ecological security of cultivated land in the region, the comprehensive quality of cultivated land can be promoted effectively through the construction of basic farmland in different types, and the comprehensive capacity of regional grain can be guaranteed. It provides the basis for promoting the centralized construction and protection of the basic farmland in large-scale, and promoting the process of agricultural modernization in the two plains.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F323.211

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本文編號：2004881