本文選題：土壤質(zhì)地 + 重力水��； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤水是土壤的重要組成部分之一,土壤中各種物質(zhì)的運(yùn)移,主要是以水溶液的形式進(jìn)行的。土壤水與大氣降水、地表水、地下水以及植被都有著重要的聯(lián)系,在水分循環(huán)和物質(zhì)循環(huán)中發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用。研究表明,土壤中不同形態(tài)水分對(duì)植物生長和地下水的貢獻(xiàn)不同。因此,研究土壤中不同形態(tài)水的化學(xué)組成,對(duì)于植物生長、土壤-地下水之間污染物運(yùn)移具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。本文以南京八卦洲地區(qū)3種典型土壤及中山弱透水層土壤為研究對(duì)象,利用室內(nèi)分步離心的方法,提取自然狀態(tài)下4種質(zhì)地土壤中的重力水、毛管水和有效膜狀水,研究土壤中不同形態(tài)水的水分含量和化學(xué)組分分布特征,結(jié)合土壤的理化性質(zhì),探討影響各形態(tài)水水化學(xué)成分的因素。得出的主要結(jié)論有:1、中山與八卦洲4種質(zhì)地土壤中各形態(tài)水的水分含量變化特征一致,表現(xiàn)為毛管水有效膜狀水重力水,但各形態(tài)水分含量占土壤總含水量的比例因采樣點(diǎn)不同而變化。中山輕粘土采自地下水面以下,其重力水占土壤總含水量的比例明顯高于八卦洲3種質(zhì)地土壤。八卦洲3種質(zhì)地土壤成土背景相似,粘粒含量是影響各形態(tài)水分含量的重要因素,土壤中自由水(重力水+毛管水)占土壤總含水量的比例隨土壤粘粒含量增加而降低。2、中山和八卦洲4種質(zhì)地土壤的各形態(tài)水中Zn、Cu、Ni和Cr含量變化特征相似,都表現(xiàn)為毛管水中各重金屬含量最低。土壤各形態(tài)水中重金屬呈不均勻分布,由各形態(tài)水分在土壤中賦存條件、滯留時(shí)間及化學(xué)過程不同所決定。毛管水受毛管力作用保持于毛管孔隙中,不易存留質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)較大的重金屬元素,導(dǎo)致其重金屬含量較低。重力水在土壤中遷移性最強(qiáng),容易受到降水對(duì)表層淋濾、灌溉等外源輸入因素的影響。有效膜狀水中重金屬含量受土壤中重金屬的釋放作用明顯。土壤本身重金屬含量和成土背景制約著各形態(tài)水中重金屬含量基準(zhǔn)值。八卦洲采樣地由長江沖積形成,其土壤各形態(tài)水中重金屬含量基準(zhǔn)值受土壤本身重金屬含量的制約。中山土壤采樣地曾經(jīng)歷過海水入侵,海水長期與土壤接觸,通過物理、化學(xué)及生物過程影響土壤中重金屬的釋放,進(jìn)而對(duì)各形態(tài)水中重金屬含量產(chǎn)生影響。中山輕粘土各形態(tài)水中As、Zn、V和Cu的含量至少比八卦洲各形態(tài)水中元素含量高一個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí)。八卦洲3種土壤成土環(huán)境及礦物組成相似,其重力水與毛管水之間的重金屬含量差異性隨土壤中粘粒含量增加而變大,說明粘粒含量對(duì)重金屬在重力水-毛管水之間的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化具有控制作用。粘粒含量越低,越有利于重力水與毛管水之間的重金屬交換。而土壤有效膜狀水與毛管水之間的重金屬交換作用受土壤粘粒含量和有機(jī)質(zhì)含量共同作用。3、土壤各形態(tài)水中主量元素含量分布特征不一致。其中八卦洲3種質(zhì)地土壤的重力水、毛管水和有效膜狀水中各主量元素含量無明顯差異。中山土壤的有效膜狀水和毛管水中主量元素含量差別不大,高于重力水中各元素含量。中山土壤長期處于與海水接觸的環(huán)境中,Na+是各形態(tài)水中主要陽離子。八卦洲3種土壤各形態(tài)水中主量元素來源于碳酸鹽等礦物的溶解,Ca~(2+)為主要陽離子。受海水入侵的影響,中山輕粘土土壤水中Ca、Na、Mg和K的含量顯著高于八卦洲3種質(zhì)地土壤水中各元素濃度。八卦洲3種質(zhì)地土壤的成土環(huán)境及礦物組成相似,土壤粘粒含量是影響各形態(tài)水中主量元素的主要因素,砂壤土各形態(tài)水中Ca、Mg和Na的含量最高。
[Abstract]:Soil water is one of the important components of soil. The movement of various substances in the soil is mainly carried out in the form of aqueous solution. Soil water has an important relationship with atmospheric precipitation, surface water, ground water and vegetation, and plays an important role in the water cycle and material circulation. The contribution of the division to the plant growth and the groundwater is different. Therefore, the study of the chemical composition of different forms of water in the soil has important guiding significance for the plant growth and the movement of the pollutants between the soil and the groundwater. In this paper, 3 typical soils and the weak pervious layer soil in Zhongshan, Bagua, Nanjing, are taken as the research object, and the indoor stepwise centrifugation is used. Methods, the gravity water, capillary water and effective membrane water in the soil of 4 natural states were extracted. The water content and chemical composition distribution characteristics of different forms of water in the soil were studied, and the factors affecting the chemical composition of water and water in various forms were discussed in combination with the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The main conclusions were as follows: 1, 4 soil soils in Zhongshan and Bagua continent were found. The water content of the water in each form is the same, showing the effective membrane water gravitational water of the capillary water, but the proportion of the water content of each form varies with the sampling point. The proportion of the light clay in Zhongshan is below the surface of the ground, and the proportion of its gravity water to the total soil water content is obviously higher than that of the 3 germplasm soil in Bagua continent. Eight The soil formation background of the 3 germplasm of Gua Zhou is similar, and the content of clay particles is an important factor affecting the water content of each form. The proportion of free water (gravity water + capillary water) in soil decreases.2 with the increase of soil clay content, and the changes of Zn, Cu, Ni and Cr in various forms of soil in Zhongshan and Bagua Zhou 4 germplasm are similar. The heavy metals in the water are the lowest in the water. The heavy metals in each form of the soil are unevenly distributed, which are determined by the conditions of each form of water in the soil, the retention time and the chemical process are different. The capillary force of the capillary water is kept in the pore of the capillary, and it is not easy to retain the heavy metal elements which have large mass fraction, causing its heavy weight. The content of heavy metals in the effective membrane water is obviously affected by the release of heavy metals in the soil. The heavy metal content and the background of the soil itself restrict the reference value of the heavy metal content in the water. Eight The sampling site of hexagram is formed by the alluvium of the Yangtze River. The reference value of heavy metals in each form of the soil is restricted by the content of the heavy metal in the soil itself. The soil sampling site in Zhongshan has experienced the invasion of the sea water, the sea water is exposed to the soil for a long time, and the physical, chemical and biological processes affect the release of heavy metals in the soil and then the heavy gold in the water. The content of As, Zn, V and Cu in the water of Zhongshan light clay is at least one order of order higher than that of the water elements in the eight diagrams. The soil formation environment and mineral composition of the eight diagrams are similar. The difference of the heavy metal content between the gravity water and the capillary water increases with the increase of the clay content in the soil, indicating the clay particles. The content of heavy metals has a control effect on the transfer and transformation between the gravity water and the capillary water. The lower the content of the clay particles, the more conducive to the exchange of heavy metals between the gravity water and the capillary water. The exchange of heavy metals between the soil effective membrane water and the capillary water is affected by the soil clay content and the organic matter content,.3, and the water in each form of the soil. There is no significant difference in the content distribution of main elements. There is no significant difference in the content of the main elements in the soil of the 3 germplasm of the Eight Diagrams continent, in the water and in the effective membrane water. The content of the effective membrane water and the main element content in the water of the Zhongshan soil is not very different, which is higher than the content of the elements in the gravity water. The soil of Zhongshan has long been connected with the sea water. In the contact environment, Na+ is the main cation in various forms of water. The main elements of the 3 kinds of soil in the eight diagrams of the eight diagrams of soil are derived from the dissolution of carbonate and other minerals, and Ca~ (2+) is the main cation. Under the influence of seawater intrusion, the content of Ca, Na, Mg and K in the water of Zhongshan light clay soil is significantly higher than the concentration of each element in the soil water of the eight guugua 3 germplasm. Eight The soil forming environment and mineral composition of the 3 germplasm of Gua Zhou are similar. The content of soil clay particles is the main factor affecting the main elements in the water, and the content of Ca, Mg and Na in the water of sandy loam is the highest.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S151.9

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本文編號(hào)：2002309