本文選題：氮添加 + 磷添加　； 參考：《華東師范大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：氮(N)和磷(P)是限制植物生長的重要營養(yǎng)元素,其有效性對于調節(jié)森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結構和功能具有重要的作用。土壤氮礦化是土壤氮循環(huán)的重要過程之一。由于化石燃料燃燒和農田施肥量增加等人類活動的加劇,全球向陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)輸入的氮不斷增加,進而影響土壤氮循環(huán)。在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中,土壤微生物是土壤氮礦化過程的主要參與者,植物根系及其分泌物通過影響微生物活性在土壤氮礦化過程中起到重要作用。本研究以浙江天童亞熱帶常綠闊葉木荷林(Schima superba)為研究對象,進行了氮磷添加和根系去除對土壤無機氮和氮礦化速率影響的實驗。實驗設置4種施肥類型(對照CK:0kg N·hm-2·year-1、氮添加N:100kg N·hm-2·year-1、磷添加P:50 kg P·hm-2·year-1和氮磷添加N IP:100 kg N·hm-2·year-1+50 kg P·hm-2·year-1)和根系處理(未去根和根系去除),總共有4×2=8種處理方式,分別為對照(CK)、氮添加(N)、磷添加(P)、氮磷添加(NP)、根系去除、氮添加+根系去除、磷添加+根系去除和氮磷添加+根系去除。通過開展為期3年的季節(jié)性動態(tài)取樣,分析了不同處理下土壤無機氮、pH值、微生物生物量氮(MBN)含量和礦化速率的變化。結果如下：(1)浙江天童常綠闊葉木荷林土壤銨態(tài)氮和硝態(tài)氮含量有明顯的季節(jié)動態(tài)(P0.001),土壤無機氮的主要存在形式為硝態(tài)氮；土壤氮礦化速率也存在明顯的季節(jié)動態(tài)(P0.001)(2)氮添加顯著增加土壤銨態(tài)氮和硝態(tài)氮含量,但顯著降低土壤氮礦化速率和土壤pH值;而磷添加作用與之相反；氮磷添加對土壤無機氮和氮礦化速率的影響與氮添加類似；相關性分析表明,土壤無機氮含量和土壤pH值存在極顯著的負相關(P0.01)(3)對照樣地中,根系去除后,土壤硝態(tài)氮含量和土壤年氮礦化速率分別增加了61%和15%；氮、磷單獨添加和混合添加處理下,根系去除后,土壤硝態(tài)氮含量分別增加了51%、209%和108%,土壤年礦化速率分別降低了27%、32%和27%。我們研究結果表明氮、磷添加對亞熱帶常綠闊葉木荷林土壤氮循環(huán)有不同的影響,根系去除僅改變了磷添加對氮礦化過程作用的方向,有助于預測未來本地區(qū)氮、磷沉降增加的情景下土壤氮循環(huán)的響應。
[Abstract]:Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are important nutrient elements limiting plant growth, and their effectiveness plays an important role in regulating the structure and function of forest ecosystem. Soil nitrogen mineralization is one of the important processes of soil nitrogen cycling. As the burning of fossil fuels and the increase of fertilization in farmland, the input of nitrogen to terrestrial ecosystems is increasing, which affects the soil nitrogen cycle. In the ecosystem, soil microorganisms are the main participants in soil nitrogen mineralization. Plant roots and their exudates play an important role in the process of soil nitrogen mineralization by affecting microbial activity. In this study, the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition and root removal on inorganic nitrogen and nitrogen mineralization rate were studied in Schima superba, a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved Schima superba forest in Tiantong, Zhejiang Province. Four fertilization types (CK: 0 kg N hm-2 year-1, N: 100 kg N hm-2 year-1, P: 50 kg P hm-2 year-1 and N IP: 100 kg N hm-2 year-1 50 kg P hm-2 year-1) and root treatments (without root removal and root removal) were established. The results were as follows: CK, N, P, N, P, N and P, N, N, N, N, P, N, P, N, P, N, P, N, P, N, P, N, P, N, P, N, P, N, P, The changes of soil inorganic nitrogen pH value, microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) content and mineralization rate under different treatments were analyzed through seasonal dynamic sampling for 3 years. The results were as follows: (1) in Tiantong evergreen broad-leaved Schima superba forest in Zhejiang Province, the contents of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in soil were significantly seasonal dynamic (P 0.001), and the main form of inorganic nitrogen in soil was nitrate nitrogen. Soil nitrogen mineralization rate was also significantly seasonal dynamic (P 0.001) N addition significantly increased soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content, but significantly decreased soil nitrogen mineralization rate and soil pH value, but phosphorus supplementation had the opposite effect on soil nitrogen mineralization rate and soil pH value, while P addition significantly increased soil ammonium and nitrate nitrogen contents, but decreased soil nitrogen mineralization rate and soil pH value significantly. The effect of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on inorganic nitrogen and mineralization rate of soil was similar to that of nitrogen addition, and the correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between soil inorganic nitrogen content and soil pH value. Soil nitrate content and soil annual nitrogen mineralization rate increased by 61% and 15%, respectively, and soil nitrate content increased by 51% and 108% after root removal, and the annual mineralization rate of soil decreased by 27% and 27%, respectively. The results showed that nitrogen and phosphorus supplementation had different effects on soil nitrogen cycling in subtropical evergreen broadleaved Schima superba forest, root removal only changed the direction of nitrogen mineralization process, which was helpful to predict nitrogen in the future. The response of soil nitrogen cycle to increasing phosphorus deposition.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S714.2

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