本文選題：生態(tài)化學計量特征 + 林窗�。� 參考：《福建農林大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：格氏栲(Castanopsis kawakamii Hayata)屬珍稀瀕危植物,自然分布狹窄,三明小湖區(qū)有近700 hm2呈純林狀態(tài)的格氏栲天然林實屬罕見。由于人為破壞、自身生物學特性及自然環(huán)境等因素綜合作用,格氏栲資源已趨于枯竭。目前,格氏栲林林窗數量增多,格氏栲種群數量下降,幼苗更新困難,如何促進格氏栲更新已成為當務之急。而林窗大小會影響凋落物難分解物質、凋落物養(yǎng)分與土壤養(yǎng)分等,為研究格氏栲更新問題提供了契機,同時,生態(tài)化學計量特征主要研究生態(tài)過程中化學元素的比例關系,為研究凋落物與土壤化學元素的耦合關系提供了一種綜合方法。因此,將林窗分為大(150 m2)、中(50～100 m2)、小(30～50m2),并在林窗內設置不同方位,研究凋落物難易分解物質與土壤生態(tài)化學計量特征,以期深入了解林窗凋落物和土壤養(yǎng)分分布格局,揭示凋落物和土壤生態(tài)化學計量特征的關系,探討樣養(yǎng)分循環(huán)規(guī)律,為格氏栲人工栽培和土壤肥力管理提供參考。結果表明:(1)林窗大小對凋落物碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)、鉀(K)生態(tài)化學計量特征具有顯著性影響。大林窗凋落物C、N含量顯著高于中、小林窗;小林窗P、K含量顯著高于大、中林窗。大、中林窗凋落物C:N、C:P和N:P顯著高于小林窗,大林窗C:K、N:K顯著高于中、小林窗,小林窗凋落物P:K顯著高于大、中林窗。林窗和非林窗不同方位的凋落物養(yǎng)分含量高值區(qū)分布規(guī)律不明顯,其生態(tài)化學計量特征低值區(qū)多分布于林窗中央。由于N:P較低會加速凋落物分解,中、小林窗和林窗中央凋落物分解較快,增加了土壤肥力,促進地下土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)養(yǎng)分循環(huán)。(2)在乙醇濃度為70%,提取溫度為80℃,乙醇-水溶液體積為15mL的條件下,單寧提取效果最佳,提取含量為30.58 g.kg-1。大林窗纖維素、木質素、單寧、總酚含量顯著高于中、小林窗。林窗凋落物難分解物質多集中于西(W)方向,而林窗中央(O方向)含量較低。非林窗凋落物難分解物質多集中于西北(NW)方向,而北(N)方向含量較低。因此,林窗中央和非林窗北(N)方向難分解物質含量較低,具有較大的養(yǎng)分供給潛力。同時,可采取適當措施促進林窗西(W)方向和非林窗西北(NW)方向的難分解物質降解,維持林地內養(yǎng)分平衡。.(3)大林窗土壤全碳(C)、全氮(N)、全磷(P)、全鉀(K)含量和C:N顯著高于中、小林窗。小林窗土壤C:P、C:K、N:P、N:.K與P:K均顯著高于大、中林窗。林窗和非林窗內C和N含量的高值區(qū)多為東南(SE)方向,而林窗中央(O方向)土壤P和K含量較高。C:P與N:P變化趨勢相似,低值區(qū)多為林窗中央(O方向);C:K與N:K變化趨勢相似,多表現為不同方位間差異不明顯。因此,大、中林窗和林窗中央土壤肥力較高,為植物生長提供較高的養(yǎng)分供給潛力。(4)凋落物難易分解物質與土壤生態(tài)化學計量特征的pearson相關性分析與冗余分析(RDA)的結果表明:大林窗內凋落物纖維素、單寧含量與土壤C、N含量呈顯著正相關關系。大、中林窗凋落物C:P、N:P與土壤P、K含量呈顯著正相關關系,與土壤C:P、C:K、N:P和N:K多呈顯著負相關關系。林窗不同方位上,凋落物C、單寧、總酚含量與土壤C、N、P、K呈顯著正相關,與C:N、C:P、C:K、N:P、N:K、P:K呈顯著負相關關系,尤其林窗中央表現更加明顯。因此,大、中林窗和林窗中央難分解物質含量低,凋落物分解較快,土壤肥力高,為植物生長發(fā)育提供了適宜場所。
[Abstract]:Castanopsis kawakamii Hayata (Castanopsis kankam) is a rare and endangered plant with narrow natural distribution. The natural forest of Castanopsis kankam is rare in the small lake area of Sanming, which has nearly 700 hm2 in pure forest. The resources of Castanopsis fargesii have become exhausted because of human destruction, its biological characteristics and natural environment, and the number of Castanopsis Castanopsis forest windows is increasing. In addition, the population of Castanopsis kankam declined and the seedling regeneration was difficult. How to promote the regeneration of Castanopsis kankam has become an urgent matter. The size of the forest window will affect the litter decomposition material, litter nutrient and soil nutrients, which provide an opportunity to study the problem of the regeneration of Castanopsis kankam. At the same time, the biological stoichiometric characteristics mainly study the chemical elements in the ecological process. The proportion relationship provides a comprehensive method for studying the coupling relationship between litter and soil chemical elements. Therefore, the forest windows are divided into large (150 m2), medium (50~100 m2), small (30 to 50m2), and different azimuths are set in the forest windows to study the characteristics of the litter's difficult and easy to decompose material and the Soil Eco chemical measurement, in order to understand the litter fall in depth. The distribution pattern of soil nutrients revealed the relationship between litter and Soil Eco chemical measurement characteristics, explored the regularity of nutrient cycling, and provided reference for the artificial cultivation of Castanopsis kamkamii and soil fertility management. The results showed that: (1) the forest window size had significant influence on the ecological chemical measurement characteristics of litter carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). The Dalin window withered The contents of C and N were significantly higher than that in the middle window; the P, the K content of the forest window was significantly higher than that of the large, medium window, middle forest window litter, C:N, C:P and N:P significantly higher than the small forest window, the Dalin window C:K, and the N:K significantly higher than the middle, the small forest window and the small forest window litter P:K significantly higher than the large, middle forest window. The high value distinction of the litter nutrient content in the different directions of forest windows and non forest windows The low value area of its eco chemical measurement characteristics is mostly distributed in the middle of the forest window. Because the low N:P will accelerate the decomposition of litter, the litter decomposition in the middle of the forest window and the central forest window is fast decomposed, the soil fertility is increased and the nutrient cycling in the underground soil ecosystem is promoted. (2) the ethanol concentration is 70%, the extraction temperature is 80, ethanol water solution. Under the condition of 15mL, the extraction effect of tannin was the best, the extraction content was 30.58 g.kg-1. Dalin window cellulose, the lignin, tannin and total phenol content was significantly higher than that in the forest window. The refractory material in the forest window litter was mostly concentrated in the West (W) direction, but the content of the central (O direction) in the forest window was lower. The non forest window litter decomposition material was mostly concentrated in the Northwest (NW ) in the direction, the North (N) direction is low. Therefore, the hard decomposable material content in the central and the North (N) direction of the forest window is lower and has a great potential for nutrient supply. At the same time, appropriate measures can be taken to promote the degradation of the refractory material in the direction of West (W) and the Northwest (NW) of the forest window, and maintain the nutrient balance in the woodland. (3) the whole carbon of the Dalin window soil. (C), total nitrogen (N), total phosphorus (P), total potassium (K) content and C:N were significantly higher than that in the middle, small forest windows, C:P, C:K, N:P, N:.K and P:K were significantly higher than the large, middle forest window. The high value area of C and N content in the forest window and the non forest windows is more than the southeast. In the middle of the window (O direction), the change trend of C:K and N:K was similar, and the difference between different azimuth was not obvious. Therefore, the high fertility of the middle forest window and the central forest window was higher, and the high nutrient supply potential for the plant growth. (4) the Pearson correlation analysis and redundancy analysis of the litter and soil biostoichiometric characteristics were analyzed and analyzed (RD The results of A) showed that the content of tannin in the Dalin window had a significant positive correlation with the content of C and N in soil. Large, medium window litter C:P, N:P and soil P, K content had a significant positive correlation with soil C:P, C:K, N:P and N:K in soil, and litter C, tannin, total phenol content and soil There was a significant positive correlation with C:N, C:P, C:K, N:P, N:K, P:K, especially in the middle of the forest window, especially in the middle of the forest window. Therefore, the medium in the middle and forest windows had a low decomposition material content, the litter decomposition was faster and the soil fertility was high, which provided the suitable place for the plant growth and development.
【學位授予單位】：福建農林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S714

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