本文選題：豬糞 + 紅壤��； 參考：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)農(nóng)村長(zhǎng)期以來大量焚燒秸稈以及農(nóng)村的豬糞處理不當(dāng),這些不僅造成環(huán)境的污染,而且造成土壤肥力的下降。而豬糞和秸稈堆置成有機(jī)肥施入土壤,可以改善土壤結(jié)構(gòu)和提高土壤肥力。大量的研究表明,土壤有益生物如蚯蚓、線蟲能夠通過與其它土壤生物之間的相互作用影響土壤的理化性質(zhì)和生物學(xué)特性,并且也能夠通過它們自身的生命活動(dòng)影響土壤的理化性質(zhì)和生物學(xué)特性。溶磷性細(xì)菌能夠?qū)⑼寥乐杏行圆�、難以被植物利用的難溶性磷解吸出來,因此在土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中具有重要地位。由于我國(guó)南方旱地紅壤肥力退化嚴(yán)重以及紅壤的生態(tài)功能嚴(yán)重退化,因此本研究正是基于這一現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行野外長(zhǎng)期定位試驗(yàn)研究,探索利用豬糞堆肥條件下接種土壤生物的方式培肥土壤以及提高作物產(chǎn)量。本文探討了線蟲、蚯蚓和溶磷性細(xì)菌的功能及其之間的相互作用對(duì)紅壤性狀、作物生長(zhǎng)及作物產(chǎn)量的影響,旨在闡明蚯蚓、線蟲和溶磷性細(xì)菌在紅壤生態(tài)功能恢復(fù)中的作用,以此為旱地紅壤的生物培肥技術(shù)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。本研究的試驗(yàn)地點(diǎn)位于中國(guó)科學(xué)院江西鷹潭紅壤生態(tài)試驗(yàn)站,田間設(shè)置的處理包括:CK(化肥)、RO(豬糞堆肥)、R(堆肥加化肥)、RN(堆肥加化肥加線蟲)、RE(堆肥加化肥加蚯蚓)、RP(堆肥加化肥加溶磷菌)、RNE(堆肥加化肥加蚯蚓和線蟲)、RNP(堆肥加化肥加線蟲和溶磷菌)、REP(堆肥加化肥加蚯蚓和溶磷菌)、RNEP(堆肥加化肥加蚯蚓線蟲和溶磷菌),在花生開花期和收獲期采樣,紅薯的分支結(jié)薯期、薯塊膨大期和收獲期采樣,研究不同培肥措施對(duì)土壤微生物群落、土壤的生物學(xué)性質(zhì)、土壤養(yǎng)分以及作物產(chǎn)量的影響。研究結(jié)果如下:1.在豬糞堆肥條件下接種土壤生物能夠很好的增加線蟲、蚯蚓的定殖。無論花生季還是紅薯季,單獨(dú)接種溶磷菌和復(fù)合接種土壤生物都能使溶磷細(xì)菌更好的定殖。在豬糞堆肥基礎(chǔ)上接種土壤生物,也增加了土壤細(xì)菌、真菌、革蘭氏陰性菌、革蘭氏陽性菌和放線菌的PLFAs含量。2.不同的作物系統(tǒng)下,與R相比,接種土壤生物均能提高土壤微生物群落總體活性,隨著采樣時(shí)間的不同,單獨(dú)接種土壤生物與復(fù)合接種土壤生物對(duì)微生物活性的影響不同。另外對(duì)不同碳源利用分析表明:無論是花生季還是紅薯季,接種土壤生物與其對(duì)照R相比均增強(qiáng)了對(duì)碳源的利用,說明接種生物的處理提高了土壤微生物活性。接種生物改變了土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu),在同一季度內(nèi),雖然接種生物的處理與R相比降低了真菌/細(xì)菌PLFAs的比例,但是接種生物的處理卻提高了細(xì)菌、真菌、革蘭氏陰性和革蘭氏陽性菌PLFAs的含量,其中復(fù)合接種土壤生物的處理效果較顯著(P0.05)。3.無論是花生季還是紅薯季,豬糞堆肥基礎(chǔ)上接種土壤生物均可以顯著增加土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性。而對(duì)土壤基礎(chǔ)呼吸的影響,單獨(dú)接種土壤生物的處理效果不顯著,復(fù)合接種土壤生物的處理RNEP效果較顯著(P0.05)。4.各作物系統(tǒng)中,接種生物處理RNP對(duì)有機(jī)質(zhì)提升效果最顯著,RNE和RNEP對(duì)速效磷含量增加效果最為顯著,RE對(duì)速效鉀含量提升最為顯著(P0.05)。接種生物的處理均能顯著促進(jìn)作物根系的生長(zhǎng)(根長(zhǎng)、根面積、根體積和根尖數(shù))(P0.05),其中復(fù)合接種土壤生物的處理RNEP效果最為顯著。并且接種生物處理對(duì)花生產(chǎn)量均有一定的增產(chǎn)作用,但只有RP和RNE效果顯著,但是只有復(fù)合接種生物的處理RNEP對(duì)紅薯產(chǎn)量的增產(chǎn)有顯著性效果。
[Abstract]:A large amount of straw burning and pig manure in rural areas have been mishandled for a long time in our country. These not only cause environmental pollution, but also cause the decline of soil fertility. The soil structure and soil fertility can be improved by the placement of pig manure and straw into the soil by organic manure. A large number of studies have shown that soil beneficial organisms such as earthworms and nematodes can be used. The interaction between the soil and other soil organisms affects the physical and chemical properties and biological properties of the soil, and it can also influence the physical and chemical properties and biological properties of the soil through their own life activities. Because of the serious degradation of the red soil and the serious degradation of the ecological function of red soil in the south of China, this study is based on this situation to study the long-term field location test, and explore the way to fertilize the soil and improve the crop yield under the condition of inoculation of soil raw materials under the condition of pig manure. The effects of the functions of nematodes, earthworms and phosphate solubilizing bacteria on the characters of red soil, crop growth and crop yield were discussed in this paper. The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of earthworms, nematodes and phosphate soluble bacteria in the restoration of the ecological function of red soil, so as to provide a scientific basis for the technology of Fertility Cultivation in dry red soil. Located at the Yingtan red soil ecological test station, Jiangxi, China Academy of Sciences, the treatment of the field includes: CK (chemical fertilizer), RO (pig manure composting), R (composting plus fertilizer), RN (composting plus fertilizer adding worm), RE (composting plus fertilizer adding earthworms), RP (composting plus chemical fertilizer adding phosphate bacteria), RNE (composting plus fertilizer adding worms and nematodes), RNP (composting plus fertilizer adding line worms and dissolving) Phosphorus bacteria, REP (compost plus fertilizer plus earthworms and phosphate solubilizing bacteria), RNEP (composting and fertilizer plus earthworm and phosphate solubilizing bacteria), sampling in the flowering and harvest period of peanuts, the branch tuber period of the sweet potato, the expansion period and the harvest period of the sweet potato, study the soil microbiological community, the soil biological properties, the soil nutrient and the crop yield. The results are as follows: 1. inoculation of soil organisms under the condition of pig manure can increase the nematode, the colonization of earthworms. Both peanut and sweet potato season, inoculating phosphate solubilizing bacteria and compound inoculating soil organisms can make the phosphate solubilizing bacteria better colonization. The inoculation of soil organisms on the basis of pig manure compost also increases the soil fines. Under different crop systems of bacteria, fungi, Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria and Actinomycetes with different PLFAs content.2., compared with R, inoculation of soil organisms can improve the overall activity of soil microbial community. With the different sampling time, the effects of soil organisms and composite soil organisms on microbial activity are different with the sampling time. The use of different carbon sources showed that the inoculation of soil organisms increased the use of carbon sources compared to their control R in peanut and sweet potato seasons, indicating that inoculation organisms improved soil microbial activity. Inoculation organisms changed soil microbial community structure in the same quarter, although inoculated biological treatment was lower than that of R. The proportion of fungi / bacteria PLFAs was lower, but the treatment of inoculating organisms increased the content of bacteria, fungi, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and the treatment effect of the compound inoculated soil organisms was significant (P0.05).3., whether the peanut season or the sweet potato season, the inoculation of soil organisms on the base of the pig manure base could significantly increase the soil. The activity of sugarcane sugar enzyme, urease and acid phosphatase in soil was not significant. The effect of inoculation of soil organisms alone was not significant, and the effect of RNEP on soil biological treatment was significant (P0.05).4. crop system, the most significant effect of inoculation of biological treatment RNP on organic matter was obtained, RNE and RNEP increased the content of available phosphorus. The addition effect was the most significant, RE was the most significant increase in the content of available potassium (P0.05). The treatment of inoculated organisms could significantly promote the growth of crop roots (root length, root area, root volume and number of root tips) (P0.05), in which the effect of the compound inoculation of soil organisms on the treatment of RNEP was the most obvious. And the inoculation of biological treatment increased the production of flowers to a certain extent. However, only RP and RNE had significant effect. However, only RNEP treated with composite inoculum could significantly increase the yield of sweet potato.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S155.25

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