本文選題：電解錳渣 + 錳肥�。� 參考：《寧夏大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：電解錳渣是碳酸錳礦經(jīng)硫酸法浸取制備電解錳液后產(chǎn)生的一種高水分的固體廢棄物。針對電解錳工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中所產(chǎn)生的大量電解錳渣,不僅占用土地,而且可能污染環(huán)境等突出問題,充分發(fā)揮電解錳渣氮素相對豐富,且含有硒、硼、錳、鈉、鐵、鉀、有機質(zhì)、氨態(tài)氮等營養(yǎng)元素的特點,研究電解錳渣潛在的肥料資源化利用價值,變廢為寶,降低農(nóng)業(yè)施錳肥的成本,提高作物產(chǎn)量,改善作物品質(zhì),減少環(huán)境污染,實現(xiàn)工業(yè)廢料的資源化綜合循環(huán)利用,維護(hù)生態(tài)安全,促進(jìn)環(huán)境友好協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。通過田間試驗和室內(nèi)分析,探討電解錳渣單獨施用、與無機肥配施、與生物有機肥配施、以及制成電解錳渣-有機-無機復(fù)混肥施用后的土壤和作物效應(yīng)。主要研究結(jié)果為：1.電解錳渣的基本物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)電解錳渣是一種黑色細(xì)小的泥糊狀粉體物質(zhì),大多數(shù)成分都是植物生長發(fā)育所需的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì),具備做肥料的必要營養(yǎng)條件。2.電解錳渣及其不同配比措施對土壤理化性質(zhì)的影響單獨施用電解錳渣后,土壤中有機質(zhì)、速效磷、堿解氮均顯著增加,而全鹽的變化不顯著；施用電解錳渣與有機-無機復(fù)混肥后,隨著電解錳渣施用量的增加,土壤中速效鉀、速效磷、堿解氮的含量均有所增加,有機質(zhì)、全鹽的含量也顯著增加,但pH卻有下降的趨勢。應(yīng)適量施用電解錳渣以避免導(dǎo)致土壤鹽分累積。3.電解錳渣及其不同配比措施對玉米和蔬菜生長的影響單獨施用電解錳渣,但能夠明顯增加辣椒中可溶性糖、還原糖、維生素C的含量,其中Vc含量增加極顯著,并且比單施無機肥效果好。電解錳渣與有機肥配合施用后,玉米干物質(zhì)積累量顯著增加；但對葉綠素、莖粗、株高含量均影響不大；電解錳渣-無機復(fù)混肥施用后,辣椒的Vc及可溶性糖含量均顯著增加；產(chǎn)量也隨之增長。電解錳渣配施有機-無機復(fù)混肥后玉米的葉綠素、莖粗、株高含量均顯著提高；辣椒中還原糖的、可溶性糖以及維生素C含量都達(dá)到了最高的水平。4.電解錳渣配施有機-無機復(fù)混肥對土壤和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品安全性的影響與不施肥的土壤相比,電解錳渣單獨施用后,總鉻含量加倍,而鎳、銅、錳、鋅等元素含量均稍有增加,但不會導(dǎo)致土壤重金屬污染；而電解錳渣與生物有機肥配合施用后,土壤中重金屬能夠被有機肥有效的絡(luò)合,除錳外,各元素的含量均下降,甚至比對照土壤還低。電解錳渣施入后,促進(jìn)了玉米根系的發(fā)育和對營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的吸收和累積,且鉻、錳、銅主要在玉米根部富集,從而大大減少了向地上部分遷移轉(zhuǎn)化,有助于食品安全；對辣椒莖桿中砷和鎳的含量沒有產(chǎn)生影響,而明顯改善了對于微量營養(yǎng)元素錳和銅的吸收積累；電解錳渣配施有機-無機復(fù)混肥后,促進(jìn)了植株的生長發(fā)育,銅、錳和鋅的吸收積累得到了改善,且符合食品安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn),是可以開發(fā)利用的新型肥料資源。
[Abstract]:Electrolytic manganese slag is a kind of high moisture solid waste produced by leaching manganese carbonate ore with sulfuric acid to prepare electrolytic manganese solution. In view of the outstanding problems of electrolytic manganese slag produced in the industrial production of electrolytic manganese, such as occupying land and possibly polluting the environment, the electrolytic manganese slag is relatively rich in nitrogen and contains selenium, boron, manganese, sodium, iron, potassium, etc. The characteristics of nutrient elements such as organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, etc., the potential value of electrolytic manganese slag in fertilizer utilization, the conversion of waste into treasure, the reduction of the cost of applying manganese fertilizer in agriculture, the improvement of crop yield, the improvement of crop quality and the reduction of environmental pollution were studied. To realize the comprehensive recycling of industrial wastes, to maintain ecological security and to promote the friendly and coordinated development of the environment. Field experiments and laboratory analysis were conducted to investigate the effects of electrolytic manganese slag on soil and crops after application of electrolytic manganese slag alone, with inorganic fertilizer, with biological organic fertilizer, and with electrolytic manganese slag and organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. The main research result is: 1: 1. Basic Physicochemical Properties of electrolytic Manganese Slag Electrolytic Manganese Slag is a kind of black fine slime paste powder most of which are nutrients needed for plant growth and development. Effects of electrolytic Manganese Slag and its different proportion on soil Physicochemical Properties the organic matter, available phosphorus and alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen in the soil increased significantly after the application of electrolytic manganese slag alone, but the change of total salt was not significant. With the application of electrolytic manganese slag and organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, the contents of available potassium, available phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in the soil increased with the increase of the amount of electrolytic manganese slag, and the contents of organic matter and total salt also increased significantly. However, pH has a downward trend. Appropriate amount of electrolytic manganese residue should be applied to avoid soil salt accumulation. 3. Effects of electrolytic Manganese residue and its different proportion on growth of Maize and vegetable the content of soluble sugar reducing sugar and vitamin C in capsicum can be increased obviously by applying electrolytic manganese slag alone. And the effect is better than that of inorganic fertilizer alone. The dry matter accumulation of corn increased significantly after the application of electrolytic manganese slag and organic fertilizer, but had little effect on chlorophyll, stem diameter and plant height, and the VC and soluble sugar content of pepper increased significantly after the application of electrolytic manganese slag and inorganic compound fertilizer. The output also increases with it. The content of chlorophyll, stem diameter and plant height of corn treated with organic / inorganic compound fertilizer with electrolytic manganese residue increased significantly, while the content of soluble sugar and vitamin C in reducing sugar reached the highest level. 4. Effects of Organic and Inorganic compound Fertilizer on soil and Agricultural products Safety in Electrolytic Manganese Slag compared with soil without Fertilizer, the content of total chromium doubled, while the contents of Ni, Cu, mn and Zn increased slightly after the application of electrolytic manganese slag alone. But it could not lead to heavy metal pollution in soil, but after the application of electrolytic manganese residue and biological organic fertilizer, the heavy metals in the soil could be effectively complexed by organic fertilizer, except manganese, the contents of each element were all decreased, even lower than that of the control soil. The application of electrolytic manganese residue promoted the development of maize roots and the absorption and accumulation of nutrients, and chromium, manganese and copper were mainly enriched in the roots of maize, which greatly reduced the migration and transformation to the aboveground parts and contributed to food safety. The contents of arsenic and nickel in pepper stem were not affected, but the absorption and accumulation of micronutrient element manganese and copper were improved obviously, and the growth and development of plant were promoted by electrolytic manganese slag combined with organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, copper, copper, The absorption and accumulation of manganese and zinc have been improved and accord with the food safety standard, so it is a new fertilizer resource that can be developed and utilized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S143

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