本文選題：滇池流域 + 農(nóng)田水潭��； 參考：《云南大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染是造成滇池湖泊富營養(yǎng)化的重要原因,而農(nóng)田污水是我國農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染的主要污染源之一,對農(nóng)田污水的削減成為了本研究的研究重點。本研究基于對滇池流域柴河子流域安樂村農(nóng)田水潭的調(diào)查后,需要對現(xiàn)有的農(nóng)田水潭進行適當?shù)纳鷳B(tài)化工程改造,以提高其對污染物的削減效率,為實現(xiàn)這一目標,在實驗室內(nèi)構建小型生態(tài)潭,研究了不同污水濃度、水力停留時間、滲濾墻填料類型和滲濾墻厚度組合下,實驗室小型生態(tài)潭對水體污染物的去除效果,擇優(yōu)挑選最佳去除水體污染物的組合,應用于戶外農(nóng)田水潭的生態(tài)化改造,構建人工生態(tài)潭,并研究生態(tài)潭對污染物的削減效果。獲得的主要結果如下： (1)改造前不同農(nóng)田水潭在不同月份,對總磷、總氮、硝氮、銨氮、COD和SS的截留量范圍分別為每次4.75g-766.43g、0.13kg-6.19kg、0.12kg-2.84kg、0.68g-542.17g、0.64kg-10.57kg和13.13kg-157.75kg；農(nóng)田水潭對污染物有一定的自凈能力(即去除污染物的能力,HRT=2d),對總磷、總氮、硝氮、銨氮、COD和SS的平均自凈率分別為15.02%、11.66%、11.75%、11.51%、10.60%和12.02%。 (2)室內(nèi)設置4種組合(A, B, C, D),各模擬組合對污染物的削減能力為,削減總磷最好的組合為A組合,最高削減率為40.29%；削減總氮最好的組合為A組合,最高削減率為85.89%；削減硝氮最好的組合為D組合,最高削減率為67.89%；削減銨氮最好的組合為A組合,最高削減率為85.77%；削減COD最好的組合為B組合,最高削減率為66.92%。綜合來看,削減各污染物最好的填料配比為碎石：石英砂：輕質(zhì)陶粒：木屑；滲濾墻厚度80cm與50cm相比,盡管80cm稍占優(yōu)勢,但考慮到厚度為50cmm能夠節(jié)約大量成本的同時,還可節(jié)省水潭空間,儲存更多的灌溉用水和截留更多的污染物,故選擇厚度為50cm的滲濾墻作為野外人工生態(tài)潭的實際參數(shù)。 (3)人工構建的生態(tài)潭對污染物削減情況(HRT=2d)為,總磷、總氮、硝氮、銨氮、COD和SS的平均削減率分別為35.19%、36.91%、35.01%、40.61%、30.25%和32.17%；其中,生態(tài)潭中滲濾墻對污染物削減具有明顯的作用,對總磷、總氮、硝氮、銨氮、COD和SS的平均削減率分別為13.72%、18.88%、17.63%、18.66%、15.91%和16.40%。 (4)生態(tài)潭對總磷、總氮、銨氮、COD和SS的削減率隨著時間的延長在緩慢下降,硝氮的削減率隨著時間的延長保持相對穩(wěn)定。
[Abstract]:Agricultural non-point source pollution is an important cause of eutrophication in Dianchi Lake, and farmland sewage is one of the main sources of agricultural non-point pollution in China. Based on the investigation of farmland pool in Anle Village of Chaihezi Basin in Dianchi Lake Basin, it is necessary to carry out proper ecological engineering transformation of the existing farmland pool in order to improve the efficiency of pollutant reduction, in order to achieve this goal. A small ecological pool was constructed in the laboratory. The removal effect of pollutants in the laboratory was studied under the conditions of different wastewater concentration, hydraulic retention time, the type of fill and the thickness of the leachate wall. The best combination of removing water pollutants was selected and applied to the ecological transformation of outdoor farmland pool, the artificial ecological pool was constructed, and the effect of the ecological pool on the reduction of pollutants was studied. The main results obtained are as follows: 1) before transformation, different farmland pools in different months, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, The rejection ranges of COD and SS were 4.75g-766.43g / d 0.13kg-6.19kg / time 0.12kg-2.84kg / kg (0.68g-542.17g / kg) 0.64kg-10.57kg and 13.13kg-157.75kg / kg respectively. The average self-purification rates of COD and SS were 15.02 and 11.66, respectively, and 11.51U 10.60% and 12.02%, respectively.) four combinations (A, B, C, DU) were set up indoors. The ability of reducing pollutants in each simulated combination was as follows: the best combination for reducing total phosphorus was combination A, The highest cutting rate is 40.29; the best combination of reducing total nitrogen is combination A, the highest cutting rate is 85.89; the best combination of reducing nitrate nitrogen is combination D, the highest cutting reduction rate is 67.89; the best combination of reducing ammonium nitrogen is combination A, The highest reduction rate of COD was 85.77, the best combination of COD reduction was combination B, and the highest cutting rate was 66.92%. Overall, the best proportion of fillers to reduce pollutants is gravel: quartz sand: lightweight ceramsite: sawdust; percolation wall thickness 80cm is slightly superior to 50cm, although 80cm is slightly superior, but considering that thickness of 50cmm can save a lot of cost, It can also save the pool space, store more irrigation water and retain more pollutants, so the percolation wall with thickness of 50cm is chosen as the actual parameter of artificial ecological pool in the field. The average reduction rates of COD and SS for total nitrogen, nitrate and ammonium nitrogen were 35.1919 / 36.91and 35.01% respectively, and 30.25% and 32.17% for COD and SS respectively, among which, the leachate wall in the ecological pool had obvious effect on the reduction of pollutants, and on the total phosphorus, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, The average reduction rates of COD and SS were 13.72% and 18.8817.63% and 16.40%, respectively.) the reduction rates of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen COD and SS decreased slowly with the prolongation of time, and the reduction rate of nitrate nitrogen remained relatively stable with the prolongation of time.
【學位授予單位】：云南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X52;X71

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本文編號：1988166