發(fā)布時間：2018-06-06 16:23

  本文選題：煙草 + 連作障礙��； 參考：《湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：連作障礙在煙草上稱之為煙草連作障礙,煙草重茬種植后會出現(xiàn)生長遲緩、植株矮小、產(chǎn)量品質(zhì)降低、土傳病蟲害加重的現(xiàn)象。目前我國的煙草栽培也存在大面積連作的情況,連作障礙危機每年對行業(yè)帶來的直接和間接的經(jīng)濟損失高達40億元。加強對煙草連作機理的研究,以減輕和避免連作造成的損失,對當前我國乃至全球煙草業(yè)發(fā)展都有著重要的經(jīng)濟和社會意義。本研究以湖南省湘西自治州三個煙區(qū)的煙田土壤為研究對象,采用高通量測序方法分析不同連作年限、不同輪作方式和不同種類綠肥還田等三種耕作制度下煙田土壤中煙草根際真菌的多樣性和群落結構；并利用選擇性培養(yǎng)基對土壤樣品中的可培養(yǎng)根際細菌和真菌進行分離篩選和計數(shù),研究不同地區(qū)、不同發(fā)病程度的地塊煙草根際微生物群落的變化。結果表明：(1)不同的耕作制度下,四個組中根莖類病害發(fā)病盛期微生物的多樣性和均一度都明顯降低,其中煙草連作組和煙草-玉米輪作的多樣性和均一度都高于煙草-百合輪作和煙草-蘿卜輪作組。(2)不同連作年限下,連作7年的處理中發(fā)病盛期的物種數(shù)高于冬閑期；連作4年和12年都是冬閑期高于發(fā)病盛期；從均一度看,所有處理中發(fā)病盛期的多樣性和均一度都低于冬閑期,且隨連作年限的增加而升高。(3)不同種類綠肥還田的處理中,發(fā)病盛期的物種數(shù)都低于冬閑期,箭舌箭舌豌豆還田的根際真菌群落在發(fā)病盛期的多樣性和均一度高于冬閑期,其他三組都是冬閑期的多樣性和均一度較高。對照組中微生物的多樣性和均一度最高,箭舌豌豆綠肥組的多樣性和均一度最低。各處理根際可培養(yǎng)真菌和細菌的離體培養(yǎng)結果表明：(1)輪作可顯著影響土壤中可培養(yǎng)細菌和真菌的數(shù)量。煙草-玉米輪作土壤中的可培養(yǎng)細菌數(shù)量最多,達到9.38×10~7CFU/g干土,其次是連作與煙草-玉米輪作,最少的是煙草-蘿卜輪作,數(shù)量為1.15×10~7CFU/g干土。土壤中可培養(yǎng)真菌數(shù)量的排列順序為：煙草-玉米輪作煙草-百合輪作煙草連作煙草-蘿卜輪作。(2)連作年限對土壤中可培養(yǎng)細菌和真菌數(shù)量也有顯著影響�？膳囵B(yǎng)細菌的數(shù)量隨著連作年限的增加而減少,土壤中可培養(yǎng)真菌的數(shù)量與可培養(yǎng)細菌數(shù)的變化趨勢正好相反,即隨著連作年限的增加,可培養(yǎng)真菌數(shù)量相應增加。(3)綠肥還田對土壤可培養(yǎng)細菌和真菌數(shù)量也有明顯影響,煙-稻-黑麥草、煙-稻-豌豆、煙-稻-滿園花的可培養(yǎng)細菌數(shù)量均高于連作煙田的可培養(yǎng)細菌數(shù)量�？膳囵B(yǎng)真菌數(shù)量的變化趨勢(由高至低)與可培養(yǎng)細菌數(shù)量的變化趨勢相反。
[Abstract]:Continuous cropping obstacle is called tobacco continuous cropping obstacle in tobacco. After tobacco cropping, it will appear the phenomenon of slow growth, short plant, low yield and low quality, and serious soil-borne diseases and insect pests. At present, tobacco cultivation in China also has a large area of continuous cropping. The direct and indirect economic losses caused by the continuous cropping obstacle crisis are as high as 4 billion yuan per year. It is of great economic and social significance for the development of tobacco industry in China and the whole world to strengthen the research on the mechanism of tobacco continuous cropping in order to reduce and avoid the losses caused by continuous cropping. In this study, the tobacco soil of three tobacco regions in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture of Hunan Province was used as the research object, and high throughput sequencing method was used to analyze different successive cropping years. Diversity and community structure of rhizosphere fungi in tobacco field soil under three tillage systems of different rotation and different kinds of green manure; The culturable rhizosphere bacteria and fungi in soil samples were isolated and counted by selective culture medium to study the changes of rhizosphere microbial communities in different regions and different incidence degree of tobacco. The results showed that under different tillage systems, the microbial diversity and homogeneity of rhizome diseases in the four groups were significantly decreased at one time. The diversity and average of tobacco continuous cropping and tobacco maize rotation were higher than that of tobacco lily rotation and tobacco radish rotation at one time. For 4 and 12 years of continuous cropping, the winter free period was higher than the onset peak period, and the diversity and average of the onset peak period in all treatments were lower than that of the winter idle period at one time, and increased with the increase of the continuous cropping years. 3) different kinds of green manure were returned to the field. The species number in the peak period was lower than that in the winter idle period. The diversity and the average value of rhizosphere fungi community in the pea field were higher than that in the winter idle period, and the diversity and the average value of the other three groups were higher than those in the winter idle period. The diversity and homogeneity of microorganism was the highest in the control group, and the lowest in the green manure group. The results of in vitro culture of culturable fungi and bacteria in the rhizosphere of different treatments showed that rotation could significantly affect the number of culturable bacteria and fungi in soil. The number of culturable bacteria in tobacco-maize rotation soil was the highest, reaching 9.38 脳 10~7CFU/g dry soil, followed by continuous cropping and tobacco-maize rotation, and tobacco radish rotation with a minimum amount of 1.15 脳 10~7CFU/g dry soil. The order of the number of culturable fungi in soil was as follows: tobacco-maize rotation tobacco-radish rotation. 2) the number of culturable bacteria and fungi in soil was also significantly affected by the continuous cropping years. The number of culturable bacteria decreased with the increase of continuous cropping years, and the number of culturable fungi in soil was opposite to that of culturable bacteria, that is, with the increase of continuous cropping years, The number of culturable fungi increased correspondingly. (3) Green manure returning to the field also had a significant effect on the number of culturable bacteria and fungi in soil, tobacco rice ryegrass, tobacco rice pea, The number of culturable bacteria in the flower of tobacco-rice-Manchurian garden was higher than that in the field of continuous cropping. The change trend of the number of culturable fungi (from high to low) was opposite to that of culturable bacteria.
【學位授予單位】：湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S572;S154.3

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本文編號：1987363